Question

Explain subsidiary alliances with the help of examples​

Answer 1

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Subsidiary alliance was an alliance that the Indian rulers had to form with the British. The Indian rulers had to disband their native army and maintain a British army. They also had to pay for the army by surrendering a piece of their land to the British.

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It was introduced by Lord Wellesley to bring princely states under the control of the British. In this system, an Indian ruler had to maintain British troops in his state, either by giving some of his territories or by paying for the maintenance of the troops. They had to maintain a British resident at their courts. This system allowed the British to maintain a large army at the expense of the local rulers.

The Subsidiary Alliance System was “Non-Intervention Policy” used by Lord Wellesley who was the Governor-General (1798-1805) to establish the British Empire in India. According to this system, every ruler in India had to accept to pay a subsidy to the British for the maintenance of the British army.

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Answer 2

Subsidiary Alliance was basically a treaty between the British East India Company and the Indian princely states, by virtue of which the Indian kingdoms lost their sovereignty to the English. It also was a major process that led to the building of the British Empire in India. It was framed by Lord Wellesley, the Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805. It was actually used for the first time by the French Governor-General Marquis Dupleix.

The Nawab of Awadh was the first ruler to enter into the subsidiary alliance with the British after the Battle of Buxar. However, the Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to accept a well-framed subsidiary alliance.