. Explain the administration under the Delhi sultanate
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Answer:Administration during the Delhi Sultanate was based on the laws of the Shariat or the laws of Islam. Political, legal and military authority was vested in the Sultan. Thus military strength was the main factor in succession of throne. Administrative units were, Iqta, Shiq, Paraganaa and Gram.
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dministration under the Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate period extended from 1206 A.D. to 1526 A.D. for almost 320 years.
The administration was based on Islamic laws (Sharia).
A Theocratic and a Military State.
Ministers to Sultan
Wazir – Prime Minister and Finance Minister
Diwani-I-Risalt – Foreign Affairs Minister
Sadr-us-Suddar – Minister of Islamic Law
Diwan-I-lnsha – Correspondence Minister
Diwan-I-Ariz – Defence or War Minister
Qazi-ul-quzar – Minister of Justice
Central Administration
The Sultan was the head of the empire.
He possessed vast powers.
Also, other officials were appointed to take care of the administration.
Provincial Administration
The empire was divided into a number of Iqtas.
Iqtadars administered the Iqtas.
Iqtas further were divided into smaller units called Parganas, Shiqqs, and the villages.
Amil or Munsif – an important official of the Pargana.
Local Administration
The village was the smallest unit of administration.
The village administration was carried out by local hereditary officers and the Panchayats
The Panchayat looked after education, sanitation, justice, revenue etc.
The Central Government did not interfere in the village administration.
Revenue Administration under Delhi Sultanate
Land revenue was the main source of income.
Judicial Administration
The Sultan was the highest judicial authority.
Qazi-ul-quzar – the Chief Judicial officer.
A Quazi was appointed in every town.
Criminals were punished severely.
Military Administration
The Sultan was the Commander of the army
The four divisions of the army were
The Royal army
Provincial or Governor’s army
Feudal army and
War Time army
The social life of the Sultanate period
The people in the society were divided based on their nationality and they are:
Foreign Muslims
Indian Muslims
Hindus
Economic conditions of the people
The people were mainly involved in agriculture and industry
The textile industry was the primary industry.
Paper Industry, metalwork, pearl diving, ivory and sandal works, stone cutting, Sugar industry were the other industries of this period.
Textiles
Indian textiles were in great demand in foreign countries.
Bengal and Gujarat were famous for their quality fabrics.
Cotton, woollen and silk of different varieties were produced in large quantities.
The clothes had gold, diamonds, pearls, silver and stone works.
Contributions of the Delhi Sultanate
Art and Architecture
Delhi Sultans had a great taste for architecture.
Architectures were a blend of Indian and Islamic styles.
The three well-developed styles were
Delhi or Imperial Style
Provincial Style
Hindu architectural style
Architecture during Mamluk Period
Qutub Minar
Quwat-ul-lslam mosque
the tombs of Nasir-ud-din Muhammad
Balban Siri the new town in Delhi
Architecture during the Khilji Period
Dargah of Hazrat Nizam – ud – din Aulia
The Alai Darwaza
Architecture during the Lodi Period
The Lodi Garden
Moti Masjid in New Delhi, and
The tomb of Sikandar Lodi
Literature
The Sultanate of Delhi period witnessed some great scholars and some are:
Alberuni
Amir Khusrau
Zia-ul-Barani
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