Question

Explain the administrative structures developed by the Britishers ​

Answer 1

Explanation:

The following points highlight the three pillars on which the British administration of India was based. The three pillars are: 1. Civil Services 2. Army 3. Police.

1. Civil Services:

The Civil Service was brought into existence by Lord Cornwallis. We know that the East India Company had from the beginning carried on its trade in the East through servants who were paid low wages but who were permitted to trade privately. Later, when the Company became a territorial power, the same servants assumed administrative functions.

They now became extremely corrupt. By oppressing local weavers and artisans, merchants and zamindars, by extorting bribes and ‘gifts’ from rajas and nawabs, by indulging in illegal private trade, they amassed untold wealth with which they retired to England. Clive and Warren Hastings made attempts to put an end to their corruption, but were only partially successful.

2. Army:

The second important pillar of the British regime in India was the army. It fulfilled four important functions. It was the instrument through which the Indian powers were conquered; it defended the British empire in India from foreign rivals; it safeguarded British supremacy from the ever-present threat of internal revolt; and it was the chief instrument for extending and defending the British empire in Asia and Africa.

The bulk of the Company’s army consisted of Indian soldiers, recruited chiefly from the area at present included in U.P and Bihar.

For instance, in 1857, the strength of the army in India was 311,400 of whom 265,900 were Indians. Its officers were, however, exclusively British, at least since the days of Cornwallis. In 1856, only three Indians in the army received a salary of Rs 300 per month and the highest Indian officer was a subedar.

A large number of Indian troops had to be employed as British troops were far too expensive. Moreover, the population of Britain was perhaps too small to provide the large soldiery needed for the conquest of India. As a counterweight, the army was officered entirely by British officials and a certain number of British troops were maintained to keep the Indian soldiers under control.

3. Police:

The third pillar of British rule was the police whose creator was once again Cornwallis. He relieved the zamindars of their police functions and established a regular police force to maintain law and order. In this respect, he went back to, and modernized, the old Indian system of thanas.

This put India ahead of Britain where a system of police had not developed yet. Cornwallis established a system of circles or thanas headed by a daroga, who was an Indian.

Later, the post of the District Superintendent of Police was created to head the police organisation in a district. Once again, Indians were excluded from all superior posts. In the villages, the duties of the police continued to be performed by village-watchmen who were maintained by the villagers.

The police gradually succeeded in reducing major crimes such as dacoity. The police also prevented the organisation of a large- scale conspiracy against foreign control, and when the national movement arose, the police was used to suppress it.

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Answer 2

Answer:

British ruled over 200 years in India and developed a stable form of administration in our country through ruling in the form of Presidencies.

Explanation:

• British for their convenience divide whole British India into areas of Princely States and British India territory.
• They does so as they do not want to get involved into the day to day administration of the common people and just want revenue out of the princely state.
• Another form of administration of British was by dividing the administrative unit into different Presidencies such as Bengal, Bihar and Madras.
• All the administrative decision for rest of the India were taken from Bengal Presidency which act as the head of other. The Governor- General or the Viceroy also ruled from here.
• Also, after the Indian Council Act of 1858, Indian administrative decision were made by the British Parliament and a declaration signed by the Queen considered as the Proclamation.

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