Explain the all types of Cell division with picture..
Why cell division is important?
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Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.[1] Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle. In eukaryotes, there are two distinct types of cell division; a vegetative division, whereby each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell (mitosis), and a reproductive cell division, whereby the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes (meiosis).[2] In cell biology, mitosis (/maɪˈtoʊsɪs/) is a part of the cell cycle, in which, replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is maintained. In general, mitosis (division of the nucleus) is preceded by the S stage of interphase (during which the DNA is replicated) and is often followed by telophase and cytokinesis; which divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane of one cell into two new cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. The different stages of Mitosis all together define the mitotic (M) phase of an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two daughter cells genetically identical daughter cells.[3] Meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of DNA replication followed by two divisions. Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division, and sister chromatids are separated in the second division. Both of these cell division cycles are used in the process of sexual reproduction at some point in their life cycle. Both are believed to be present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor.
Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic material is segregated equally into two daughter cells. While binary fission may be the means of division by most prokaryotes, there are alternative manners of division, such as budding, that have been observed. All cell divisions, regardless of organism, are preceded by a single round of DNA replication.
For simple unicellular microorganisms such as the amoeba, one cell division is equivalent to reproduction – an entire new organism is created. On a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. Mitotic cell division enables sexually reproducing organisms to develop from the one-celled zygote, which itself was produced by meiotic cell division from gametes.[4][5] After growth, cell division by mitosis allows for continual construction and repair of the organism.[6] The human body experiences about 10 quadrillion cell divisions in a lifetime.[7]
The primary concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's genome. Before division can occur, the genomic information that is stored in chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be separated cleanly between cells.[8] A great deal of cellular infrastructure is involved in keeping genomic information consistent between generations.
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The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA to produce two daughter cells. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is divided into three periods which are interphase, the mitotic phase, and cytokinesis.
During interphase, the cell grows, accumulates nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase, the chromosomes separate. During cytokinesis, the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells.
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. The primary concern of cell division is the maintenance of the original cell's genome.
Before division can occur, the genomic information that is stored in chromosomes must be replicated, and the duplicated genome must be separated cleanly between cells.
In eukaryotes, there are two types of cell division. One is a vegetative division where two daughter cells are formed and each daughter cell is genetically identical to the parent cell. This type of division is called as mitosis.
The other type of cell division is a reproductive cell division where four daughter cells are formed and the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half to produce haploid gametes. This type of cell division is called as meiosis.
