Explain the Approach of sperm to ovum. according to 25 marks. include and explain the following terms in the answer aspiratory action, Capacitation, physiological maturation of sperm, region of fertilizin and antifertilizin. The main aim of rxn.
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During the copulation, male release about 3.5 ml of seminal fluid into the female body . This process is called ejaculation or insemination seminal fluid contains as many as 200-300 million sperms.This ensures the reaching of number of sperms to the ovum as many sperm are killed by acidity of female genital tract and many sperms are engulfed by the phagocytes of vaginal epithelium so that only about 100 sperms reach the fallopian tube.
The sperms swims in the seminal fluid by lashing movements of their tail at the rate of 1-4 mm per minute. The sperms swim towards the fallopian tube through the uterus. It is aided by the aspiratory action of the uterus and peristaltic movements of the fallopian tube. Capacitation is the phenomenon of physiological maturation of sperms inside the female genital tract. It occurs in the presence of a Viscous fluid secreted from the secretory cell of epithelial lining of oviducal mucosa. It takes about 5-6 hours. it involves the following changes :--
➡️ loss of decapacitation
➡️Calcium influx into the sperms
➡️sperms flagellar movements changes from undulatory to whiplash type.
Fertilisation and viability of gametes are limited varying from a few minutes to few hours or days. The fertilisation of human sperm in female genital tract is about 48 hours while its survival value is upto 2-3 days. secondly the ovum is non motile and the energy content of sperm are also very low so the sperm must approach the egg as quickly as possible. Fertilizability period of ovum is only 24 hours though it can live for about 72 hours.
To thin out the number of sperms, the ovum secretes a chemical substance called fertilizin, which has a number of spermophillic sites on its surface where the sperms of the species specific type can be bound by their antifertilizin sites. This fertilizin - antifertilizin reaction is highly species specific reaction. The main aim of this reaction is to to thin out the number of sperms to reduce the chance of polysermy.
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