Question

Explain the aromatic substitution reactions of benzene​

Answer 1

Aromatic compounds react by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, in which the aromaticity of the ring system is preserved. For example, benzene reacts with bromine to form bromobenzene. Many functional groups can be added to aromatic compounds via electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions.

Answer 2

AnSwer :-

(i) Nitration :-

Benzene is heated with Mixture of Concentrated H$_2$SO$_4$ and Concentrated HNO$_3$ (.i.e., Nitration mixture).Here group (NO₂ .i.e., nitronium ion) is the electrophile.

Step 1 :-

Formation of Bromine free radical.

Step 2 :-

The Bromine free radical attacks on alkene forming alkyl free radicals as follows

Step 3 :-

The secondary free radical being more stable reacts with HBr forming anti-markovnikov addition product as major product.

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