Question

Explain the Arrhenius theory of acid and base with an example.​

Answer 1

Arrhenius theory, theory, introduced in 1887 by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius, that acids are substances that dissociate in water to yield electrically charged atoms or molecules, called ions, one of which is a hydrogen ion (H+), and that bases ionize in water to yield hydroxide ions (OH−)

Answer 2

Answer:

According to Arrhenius theory, acid is a substance that gives H+ ion on dissolving in the aqueous solution. It increases the concentration of H+ ions in the solution. The base is a substance that ionizes OH– ion by dissolving in the aqueous solution. The concentration of OH- ions is high in the solution.

• For example, hydrochloric acid in the water. HCl undergoes dissociation reaction to produce H+ ion and Cl– ion, as explained below. The concentration of the H+ ions is increased by forming hydronium ion.

HCl (aq) → H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

HCl (aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+(aq) + Cl–(aq)

• The example for Arrhenius base is highly soluble sodium hydroxide compound in water, which dissociates to give sodium ion and hydroxide ion.

In aqueous solution, NaOH completely dissolves to give hydroxide ion and sodium ion, to increase the concentration of hydroxide ions.

NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)