Explain the background behind the establishment of Indian National Congress with the help of following points.
• Centralisation of administration
• Economic exploitation
• Western education
• Study of Ancient Indian History
• Role of newspapers
Answers
Answer:
Answer 1: During the struggle for independence, a sense of identity was awakened among the Indians because of the following reasons.
Due to the spread of western education new ideas such as justice, liberty, equality, democracy were introduced to the Indians.
Principal like rationalism, humanity, scientific attitude, nationalism.
The manuscript in Sanskrit, Persian, and other languages were published.
After understanding that we are blessed with a glorious ancient tradition, a sense of identity was awakened among the Indians.
Answer 2: On 28 December 1885, the first session of Indian National Congress was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit School in Mumbai. In 1907, it was divided into two groups. The division occurred mainly due to extremists and moderates at the Surat Session of Indian National Congress. From 1885 to 1907, moderates dominated INC and they appointed Rash Behari Ghosh to be the president. However, extremists were of the opinion that the methods followed by the moderates hadn’t achieved goals and hence wanted Lala Lajpat Rai or Bal Gangadhar Tilak to be president. The session was shifted to Surat from Pune so that Bal Gangadhar Tilak couldn’t preside over it which led the division.
Answer 3: The British decided to use the policy of ‘Divide and Rule’ to create a rift between Hindu-Muslim community. The then Viceroy Lord Curzon contributed to it. Bengal was a very large province. To carry out the work of this province was difficult from an administrative point of view. By putting up this reason, in 1905, he declared the partition of Bengal province. With this partition, arrangement was made such that majority Muslims will remain in East Bengal and West Bengal for majority of Hindus. The hidden strategy of the British was, if the Hindu-Muslims were divided, due to partition, then the freedom movement would be weakened.
3. Write Short Notes.
(1) Objectives of Indian National Congress
(2) Anti Partition Movement
(3) Four point program of Indian National Congress
Answer 1: Objectives of the Indian National Congress
To make the people from different parts of India forget the differences in religion, race, caste, language, geographical territories and bring them on a common platform.
To understand each other’s problems and views.
To increase the feeling of oneness among the people.
To take efforts for the development of the country were the objectives of the Indian National Congress.
Answer 3: Four point programme of Indian National Congress Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the President of Indian National Congress session of 1905. He supported the anti partition movement. Dadabhai Nowrojee was the President of the 1906 session. For the first time he pronounced the word ‘Swaraj’ from the stage. In his Presidential speech he gave the message that remain united, try sincerely and fulfill the aim of Swaraj. So that today we will be able to save lakhs of people suffering from poverty, hunger, diseases and India will get a respectable position among developed countries.
In the same session Swaraj, Swadeshi, National Education and Boycott, this 4 point programme was unanimously accepted by the Indian National Congress. Due to the Swadeshi movement we will be self-sufficient. To follow the path of Swadeshi we need to bring together capital, resources, manpower and such other forces and from this the benefit of the country could be achieved. It was decided that boycotting of foreign goods is the first step and boycott of foreign rule will be the next step. Due to boycott we will be able to attack the roots of British imperialism, was the opinion of some of the leaders.
4. Explain the background behind the establishment of Indian National Congress with the help of the following points.
• Centralisation of administration
• Economic exploitation
• Western education
•
Answer d: The ‘Asiatic Society’ was established at Bengal by the British. Many Indian and western scholars started study of Indian culture. The manuscripts in Sanskrit, Persian and other languages were examined and research was published. Dr.Bhau Daji Lad, Dr. R. G. Bhandarkar these Indian scholars made intensive study of ancient Indian culture. After understanding that we are blessed with glorious ancient tradition, the Indians were awakened with a sense of Identity. The ‘Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute’ has been working since the last 100 years in Pune.
Answer e: Role of newspapers – During this period, English and Vernacular newspapers and periodicals came to be published. Through these newspapers, political and social awakening took place. Newspapers like Darpan, Prabhakar, Hindu, Amrit Bazar Patrika, Kesari, Maharatta started criticising the Government.
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