Explain the basic components of a computer system using a block diagram.
Answers
In order to carry out the operations the computer allocates the task among its various functional units.
1. Input Unit-
It performs the following functions-
a) It accepts (or reads) the list of instructions and data provided by the user.
b) It converts these instructions and data in computer acceptable format [Binary Digits].
c) It supplies the converted instructions and data to the computer system for further processing.
2. Output Unit-
It performs the following functions-
a) It accepts the results produced by the computer.
b) It converts these results into human readable form.
c) It provides the converted results to the user.
3. Storage Unit-
This unit otherwise known to be the main or primary memory (storage).
The specific function of a storage unit is to store-
a) All the data to be processed and the instruction required for processing [received via Input Unit].
b) The intermediate results of processing.
c) Final results of processing before being presented to the user via Output Unit.
4. Arithmetic Logic Unit [ALU]-
The processing of the data and instructions is performed by Arithmetic Logical Unit [ALU].
The major operations performed by the ALU are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, logic and comparison.
5. Control Unit [CU]-
The Control Unit [CU] directs the operation of other units by providing timing and control signals.
It also directs the flow of data between the CPU and the other devices.
6. Central Processing Unit [CPU]-
The Control Unit [CU] and the Arithmetic Logic Unit [ALU] of a computer system are jointly known as the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
The CPU is the main unit of a computer system. It is also referred to as the "Brain of a Computer System" as it controls all internal and external devices.
Hope it helps. Don't mind googling the block diagram.
Components of Computer:
There are 5 basis components of computer, which helps computer system to run properly without any interruption. A computer system is designed in such a way that, every byte of information inputted should be processed properly, Such that user should get the required output. A computer system data transferring is very fast and efficient, so it takes a time less than a second to process and show the output.
--------Structure given in attachment---------
Types of computer:
i) Micro computer
ii) Macro computer
iii) Mini computer
iv) Mainframe computer
v) Supercomputer
5 Basics components of computer:
i) Input Unit
Data and instructions should be first enter in the computer system to get the task done. Without entering any input in the computer system, computer cannot do any task and any function.
Eg: If we move our "mouse" from one position to other, then the data in the form of input is sent to the computer unit and processor. Processor processes the information and gives us the result. To know, where we are browsing, there is inbuilt function of mouse, this helps users to know where the mouse cursor is.
Suppose you click on start menu in computer using your mouse, then the information in the form of binary code is sent to the processor. Processor gives the output on the monitor. And, hence we can see our start menu.
- Input units reads the data provided from external environment.
- This data in the form of binary code is sent to the computer unit.
- Computer unit processes the information and provides the necessary output to the user.
ii) Output unit
The output unit is reverse of the input unit. When the processor sends the output to the output unit. Then the output unit converts the information provided by computer system from binary language to humans language. In this process, data is sent in external environment like monitor and sound.
Eg: When input units send the request of opening any webpage to computer system, computer system loads the webpage in memory and it is later provided to output unit. And hence, output unit like monitor can provide us the webpage interface.
- It accepts the information provided by computer system in binary codes.
- But, we humans can't understand that language, So, Output unit converts the information from binary language to Humans language.
- Output unit includes Monitor, Sound system etc.
iii) Storage unit
When the data and instructions are entered in the computer system using input system, the computer stores that data before processing it and giving it to processor. When the computer processes our data and instructions, then it provides this data to the output unit. But, the provided data is also stored in somewhere in the computer system; To perform this all works and functions, Storage unit of a computer system has been designed.
- Storing the data and information in memory provided to output unit as a history.
- Processing the files required to output unit while using programs, applications and games from storage devices.
iv) Central processing unit (CPU)
CPU is the most important component of the computer system. It controls the all internal and external devices and their functions. Parts like motherboard, ram, storage device, processors are present in this CPU. CPU performs all the Arithmetic and Logical operations of computer. In short, The control Unit and the Arithmetic and Logic unit of a computer system joined together is called as "Central Processing Unit".
- Arithmetic logical unit and Logical unit are the important components of this system.
- Architecture of computer is designed in this CPU, such that, only supported devices can perform the operations. Like CPU designed by IBM cannot be used to run Mac OS.
v) Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU)
All calculations, comparisons, processing and tasks are done in ALU. It consists of circuits in which arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication etc are performed. While processing the data, ALU receives the data from the temporary storage. In temporary storage, their is a function called as "register". This register is very high speed memory which controls all the functions and provides the data to the ALU.
- ALU is an important component of CPU.
- ALU receives the data for processing from the temporary storage from the files called as "registers".
- All processing and computations are done by the ALU.
Hardware components:
- Monitor
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- CD ROM
- CPU
- Colling fan
- Mouse pad
- Speaker
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