Explain the basic idea of decentralisation
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Decentralization is a concept in politics, business, technology, and other fields. In a nutshell, it means a central authority doesn't have control over a system, but control is distributed among the participants in the system. A centralized business structure has a central authority with most (or all) the power.
1. Develop initiative among subordinates:Passing of authority at middle and lower level shows the trust and faith of top level in their subordinates and this trust and faith motivate the employees working at different levels as they are allowed to take decisions without seeking the approval of superiors.
2. Develop managerial talent for future:In the decentralisation managers working at lower and middle level also learn the art of making decisions. They get the experience of performing activities of top executives and learn to manage the authority given to them. So decentralisation process prepares the managers working at lower and middle level to perform the task of top level. So, whenever there is vacant job position at top level management, the managers working at lower or middle level can be promoted. This is how it levels talent for future.
3. Quick decision-making:In the decentralisation process decision-making is not restricted in few hands only but decision-making power is entrusted to all the managers who are taking actions or performing the activities. This leads to faster decision because employees who have to perform the activities are allowed to take decision also.
4. Relief to top level management:In the process of decentralisation top level managers are not overburdened with the responsibilities and authority as they systematically pass the authority and responsibilities at different levels and they become free to concentrate on core and important issues.
5. Facilitates growth:Decentralisation grants more autonomy or freedom to lower level. This helps the subordinates to do the work in the manner best suited for their department. When each department is doing to their best then productivity increases and it will generate more revenue which can be used for expansion.
6. Promotes initiative and creativity:The initiative directly depends on the authority. When the employees at every level are given greater degree of autonomy and authority according to their responsibilities, this helps them to take initiative. On the other hand, when lower and middle level executives are performing the task of top level executives then it brings creativity.
7. Improved team work:In decentralisation all the managers and employees are sharing the decision-making powers; all are given some kind of autonomy and freedom of action. This sharing of decision and freedom of action integrate the employees as one team and develop team spirit among the employees.
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◾️Major step towards decentralization were taken in 1992. The Constitution was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful and effective.
✔️It is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government bodies.
✔️Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
✔️At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
✔️An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.
✔️The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State
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