Question

Explain the basis of grouping of organisms into five kingdoms by Robert whittaker.​

Answer 1

Question :

Explain the basis of grouping of organisms into five kingdoms by Robert whittaker.

Solution :

Robert whittaker classified the living organisms into 5 kingdoms :

★ Monera

★ Protista

★ Fungi

★ Plantae

★ Animalia

The basis for dividing them are as follows :

★ Cell Structure :

The organism that have primitive type of cells do not have a well defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are grouped as prokaryotic and others with these organelles are grouped as Eukaryotic.

★ Unicellular or Multicellular organisms :

Eukaryotes are divided into organising with single cells and those with many cells are multicellular.

★ Mode of Nutrition :

The organisms that make their own food are autotrophs. They maybe unicellular or multicellular. The organisms that depend for their food on autotrophs are heterotrophic.

★ Phylogenetic Relationship :

The organisms that evolved earlier are primitive or lower organisms. These organisms have simple body organisation. Eg , Monera, Protista and fungi

The organisms that evolved letterhead gradually developed more Complex and advanced features. These higher organisms are placed in Kingdom plantae and animalia.

Answer 2

$\textbf{Answer}$

For a long time, living organisms were broadly classified into two kingdoms -- Kingdom Plantae and Kingdom Animalia

As knowledge about the living world increased scientist started finding it difficult to classify some organisms.

One such group of organisms is fungus. It stays stationary at one place like plants. However,like animals, it cannot produce its own food. Thus, it has similarities with both plants and animals

• Bacteria were another group of organisms that were difficult to classify in the two kingdom classification .

In view of the objections to the two-kingdom system of classification, a five kingdom classification was proposed in 1969 by Robert H Whittaker.

He based the classification on :-

• Cellular Structure
• Mode of nutrition
• The lifestyle of an organism

The five kingdoms were :-

• Kingdom Monera
• Kindom Protista
• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Animalia