explain the carnot cycle and find the efficiency
Answers
Answer:
Carnot engine is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle proposed by Leonard Carnot. It gives the estimate of the maximum possible efficiency that a heat engine during the conversion process of heat into work and conversely, working between two reservoirs, can possess.
Explanation:
The Carnot Cycle describes the most efficient possible heat engine, involving two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes. It is the most efficient heat engine that is possible within the laws of physics. Unfortunately, the Carnot Cycle is not practical in real life.
Carnot Engine Principles :
Carnot principles are only for the cyclical devices like heat engines, which state that :
The efficiency of an irreversible heat engine is always less than the efficiency of a reversible one operating between the same two reservoirs.
The efficiencies of all reversible heat engines operating between the same two reservoirs are the same.
Carnot Cycle:
A Carnot cycle is defined as an ideal reversible closed thermodynamic cycle in which there are four successive operations involved and they are isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression. During these operations, the expansion and compression of substance can be done up to desired point and back to initial state.
The Efficiency of Carnot’s Cycle :
The Carnot cycle is reversible representing the upper limit on the efficiency of an engine cycle. Practical engine cycles are irreversible and thus have inherently lower efficiency than the Carnot efficiency when operating at the same temperatures.One of the factors determining efficiency is the addition of to the working fluid in the cycle and its removal. The Carnot cycle achieves maximum efficiency because all the heat is added to the working fluid at the maximum temperature.
The Carnot cycle is the most efficient engine possible based on the assumption of the absence of incidental wasteful processes such as friction, and the assumption of no conduction of heat between different parts of the engine at different temperatures. The efficiency of the carnot engine is defined as the ratio of the energy output to the energy input.
efficiency=net work done by heat engineheat absorbed ÷ heat engine
={ nRThighln(V2/V1)+nRTlowln(V4/V3) } ÷ nRThighln(V2/V1)