explain the causes of rise of nazism?
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The rise of National-socialism under Adolf Hitler is based on a few factors and their consequences which can be further broken down again. They include the Treaty of Versailles, problems of the Weimar Republic, economic factors, Nazi propaganda, Nazi pragmatism as well as Hitler’s appeal. All these factors and their subsequent effects on the German society made the rise of Hitler and National-Socialism possible.
Treaty of Versailles: This is part of the traditional historical school of thought that the armistice following WWI was the cause of WWII. This is only partly true as it was only one of many factors that lead to the rise of National-Socialism and the outbreak of the second world war. Article 231 of the treaty, also known as the “War Guilt Clause” stated that Germany alone was responsible for the outbreak of WWI. Furthermore the treaty dictated de-militarisation, loss of colonies and territories as well as harsh reparation costs of around 20 billion gold marks. All this caused wide-spread resentment amongst the German population and political polarisation of the left and right began to emerge.
The Problems of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933): Germany’s new parliamentary democracy following the demise of the Second Reich was plagued by this political polarisation as it was a full democracy and therefore allowed proportional representation (there was no minimum percentage of votes that a party required to be represented in parliament). This of course gave rise to a myriad of different parties that all had different political beliefs, including the NSDAP which was a radical right wing party and stood for national-socialism. The Weimar was weak and coalitions only served to fuel arguments between parties and governments were frequently changing. The Weimar was basically the stage that National-Socialism debuted on and flourished through propaganda and pragmatism as well as the economic situation of Europe in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
Economic Factors: The hyperinflation that the Weimar experienced in 1923 as well as the Wall-Street Crash of 1929 (The revisionist historical view of causing WWII) can be argued to be a direct cause of the rise of Nazism as their party vote increased from 810,00 in 1928 to 6,409,600 by 1930. In combination with Nazi propaganda (symbolism, anti-semitism, anti-communism) and Hitler’s appeal (Führerprinzip, leadership qualities, political skills and charisma) the rise of National-Socialism amongst the politically, socially and economically devastated people was inevitable.
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