Explain the causes of rural in equality in india.
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1)Unemployment
2)Uneducated
3)Poverty
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There are many issues with rural development in India. Though the government is spending a lot still there is lot to achieve.
Roads
Many of the poor communities are isolated by distance,bad road conditions, lack of or broken bridges and inadequate transport. These conditions make it difficult for people to get their goods to market and themselves to place of work, to handle health emergencies, to send children to school, and to obtain public services
Electricity
As per latest data, about 19,909 villages are yet to be electrified (Progress report of village electrification as on 31-01-2015). However, not all electrified villages are getting quality power and it is estimated that nearly 33% of the population maybe facing under-electrification, accessing less than 50kWh of electricity per month/household.
Water
The health burden of poor water quality is enormous. Itis estimated that around 37.7 million Indians are affected by water borne diseases annually, 1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhoea alone and 73 million working days are lost due to waterborne disease each year. The resulting economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year. The problems of chemical contamination is also prevalent in India with 1,95,813 habitations in the country are affected by poor water quality. The major chemical parameters of concern are fluoride and arsenic. Iron is also emerging as a major problem with many habitations showing excess iron in the water samples. Most of these problems Prevailed in rural India.
Education, Literacy Particularly women
There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. The low female literacy rate has had a dramatically negative impact on family planning and population stabilisation efforts in India. Studies have indicated that female literacy is a strong predictor of the use of contraception among married Indian couples, even when women do not otherwise have economic independence. The census provided a positive indication that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in the 2001–2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.
Adult literacy rate of World Average is 84% (2010); Youth literacy rate at 15-24 age is 89.6% (2010) while Adult literacy rates in India is 74.04% (2011) and Youth literacy rate is 15-24 age is 90.2% (2015)
Poverty
The recently-released India Rural Development Report, which is endorsed by the government, says 7% of the rural population is‘very poor’; villages in eastern Indian states are the worst affected.
Employment
Unemployment is a big problem in rural India. Youth are being migrated in search of better employment in urban areas the aged remained in rural India. Agriculture land remained same but population is growing.. With the advancement of civilization, machines with modern technologies have been introduced, the unemployment is increasing many fold.
Migration to urban
Economic Factors, Lack Of Income Generating Opportunities In Rural Sector, Urban Job Opportunities, Social Factor, Health, Education & Finance Factor, Lack of available infrastructure are some of the major factors for migration in rural India.
Land reforms
The Britishers in India were not at all keen in adopting progressive land reforms measures for the rural farmers. This had given the Zamindars and the big landlords a golden opportunity to exploit the rural poor to a great extent. The almost compelling case of land ceiling arises from the absolute and permanent shortage of land in relation to the population dependent on it, the limited prospect of transfer of population to non-agricultural occupations or and the need to step up production along with increase in employment.
Sanitation and Health
Lower number of toilets, water stagnation, non awareness, Drinking water quality in rural India are the major problems
Roads
Many of the poor communities are isolated by distance,bad road conditions, lack of or broken bridges and inadequate transport. These conditions make it difficult for people to get their goods to market and themselves to place of work, to handle health emergencies, to send children to school, and to obtain public services
Electricity
As per latest data, about 19,909 villages are yet to be electrified (Progress report of village electrification as on 31-01-2015). However, not all electrified villages are getting quality power and it is estimated that nearly 33% of the population maybe facing under-electrification, accessing less than 50kWh of electricity per month/household.
Water
The health burden of poor water quality is enormous. Itis estimated that around 37.7 million Indians are affected by water borne diseases annually, 1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhoea alone and 73 million working days are lost due to waterborne disease each year. The resulting economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year. The problems of chemical contamination is also prevalent in India with 1,95,813 habitations in the country are affected by poor water quality. The major chemical parameters of concern are fluoride and arsenic. Iron is also emerging as a major problem with many habitations showing excess iron in the water samples. Most of these problems Prevailed in rural India.
Education, Literacy Particularly women
There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. The low female literacy rate has had a dramatically negative impact on family planning and population stabilisation efforts in India. Studies have indicated that female literacy is a strong predictor of the use of contraception among married Indian couples, even when women do not otherwise have economic independence. The census provided a positive indication that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in the 2001–2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.
Adult literacy rate of World Average is 84% (2010); Youth literacy rate at 15-24 age is 89.6% (2010) while Adult literacy rates in India is 74.04% (2011) and Youth literacy rate is 15-24 age is 90.2% (2015)
Poverty
The recently-released India Rural Development Report, which is endorsed by the government, says 7% of the rural population is‘very poor’; villages in eastern Indian states are the worst affected.
Employment
Unemployment is a big problem in rural India. Youth are being migrated in search of better employment in urban areas the aged remained in rural India. Agriculture land remained same but population is growing.. With the advancement of civilization, machines with modern technologies have been introduced, the unemployment is increasing many fold.
Migration to urban
Economic Factors, Lack Of Income Generating Opportunities In Rural Sector, Urban Job Opportunities, Social Factor, Health, Education & Finance Factor, Lack of available infrastructure are some of the major factors for migration in rural India.
Land reforms
The Britishers in India were not at all keen in adopting progressive land reforms measures for the rural farmers. This had given the Zamindars and the big landlords a golden opportunity to exploit the rural poor to a great extent. The almost compelling case of land ceiling arises from the absolute and permanent shortage of land in relation to the population dependent on it, the limited prospect of transfer of population to non-agricultural occupations or and the need to step up production along with increase in employment.
Sanitation and Health
Lower number of toilets, water stagnation, non awareness, Drinking water quality in rural India are the major problems
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