Explain the causes of unemployment suggest measure to solve the problems
Answers
Computers can solve all kinds of problems except the unemployment problem they create.
Unemployment is a term referring to individuals who are employable and seeking a job but are unable to find a job. Furthermore, it is those people in the workforce or pool of people who are available for work that does not have an appropriate job. Usually measured by the unemployment rate, which is dividing the number of unemployed people by the total number of people in the workforce.
National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) defines employment and unemployment on the following activity statuses of an individual, NSSO, an organization under MoSPI – Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation measures India’s unemployment on three approaches:
Daily Status Approach: unemployment status of a person under this approach is measured for each day in a reference week. A person having no gainful work even for one hour in a day is described as unemployed for that day.
Weekly Status Approach: This approach highlights the record of those persons who did not have gainful work or were unemployed even for an hour on any day of the week preceding the date of the survey.
Usual Status Approach: This gives the estimates of those persons who were unemployed or had no gainful work for a major time during the 365 days.
CAUSES FOR UNEMPLOYMENT
The major causes of unemployment in India are as mentioned below:
1) Large population.
2) Lack of vocational skills or low educational levels of the working population.
3) Labour-intensive sectors suffering from the slowdown in private investment particularly after demonetisation
4) The low productivity in the agriculture sector plus the lack of alternative opportunities for agricultural workers that makes transition among the three sectors difficult.
5) legal complexities, Inadequate state support, low infrastructural, financial and market linkages to small businesses making such enterprises unviable with cost and compliance overruns.
6) The huge workforce of the country is associated with the informal sector because of a lack of required education or skills, and this data is not captured in employment statistics.
7) The main cause of structural unemployment is the education provided in schools and colleges are not as per the current requirements of the industries.
MEASURES TO SOLVE UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM
i) Change in industrial technique:
Change in industrial technique:Production technique should suit the needs and means of the country. It is essential that labour intensive technology should be encouraged in place of capital intensive technology.
(ii) Policy regarding seasonal unemployment:
(ii) Policy regarding seasonal unemployment:Seasonal unemployment is found in agriculture sector and agro based industries.
(a) Agriculture should have multiple cropping,
(b) Plantations, horticulture, dairying and animal husbandry should be encouraged,
(b) Plantations, horticulture, dairying and animal husbandry should be encouraged,(c) Cottage industries should be encouraged.
(iii) Change in education system:
(iii) Change in education system:Educational pattern should be completely changed. Students who have liking for higher studies should be admitted in colleges and universities. Emphasis should be given on vocational education. Qualified engineers should start their own small units.
(iv) Expansion of Employment exchanges:
(iv) Expansion of Employment exchanges:More employment exchanges should be opened. Information regarding employment opportunities should be given to people.