Explain the Cell Divisions
Metasis
Meiosis
Points ➡ 45
Answers
so when a cell undergoes metasis division the cells are devided in to two equal parts with n no. of cromosomes and when a cell undergoes meiosis division the cell divided into 4 equal parts with n no. of cromosomes.
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Answer:
In single-celled organisms, cell reproduction gives rise to the next generation. In multicellular organisms, cell division occurs not just to produce a whole new organism but for growth and replacement of worn out cells within the organisms.
Cell division is always highly regulated and follows a highly orchestrated series of steps. The term cytokinesis refers to the division of a cell in half, while mitosis and meiosis refer to two different forms of nuclear division.
Mitosis results in two nuclei that are identical to the original nucleus. Meiosis on the other hand results in four nuclei that each has ½ the chromosomes of the original cell. In animals, meiosis only occurs in the cells that give rise to the sex cells (gametes), i.e., the egg and the sperm.
Mitosis:
Mitosis is a continuum of changes but biologists like break down the stages of mitosis into four main stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
The focus in this class is on an understanding of the process and not memorization of phases.
The only phase name you will need to remember is metaphase.
In mitosis the nuclear membrane is broken down, spindle fibres (microtubules) attach to the chromatids at the centromere and pull apart the chromatids.
When the chromatids reach separate ends of the cells the spindle fibres disintegrate and a nuclear membrane rebuilds around the chromosomes making two nuclei.
Each nucleus is identical to the original nucleus as it was in G1.
Meiosis:
Meiosis is the form of nuclear cell division that results in daughter cells that have one half the chromosome numbers as the original cell.
In organisms that are diploid, the end result is cells that are haploid. Each daughter cell gets one complete set of chromosomes, i.e., one of each homologous pair of chromosomes.
In humans, this means the chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23.
The only cells that undergo meiosis will become sperm or eggs.
The joining together of a sperm and egg during fertilization returns the number of the chromosomes to 46.
Cells that undergo meiosis go through the cell cycle including the S phase so begin the process with chromosomes that consist of two chromatids just as in mitosis.
Meiosis consists of meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I homologous chromosomes are separated into different nuclei.
This is the reduction division; chromosome number is cut in half. Meiosis II is very similar to mitosis, chromatids are separated into separate nuclei.
As in mitosis, it is spindle fibres that “pull” the chromosomes and chromatids apart.
The end result of meiosis is four cells, each with one complete set of chromosomes instead of two sets of chromosomes.
Both meiosis and mitosis takes place in the cell nuclei which can be observed under a microscope
Mitosis and meiosis, both involve cell division
Both the processes occur in the M-phase of the cell cycle. In both cycles, the typical stages are metaphase, anaphase, telophase and prophase
In both the cycles, synthesis of DNA takes place
Cells of nervous tissue and the cardiac muscles tissue do not undergo the process of meiosis and mitosis once they are formed. They do not undergo division further.
The difference between Mitosis and Meiosis is quite apparent. They are two very different processes that have two different functions. Mitosis is required for genetic variation and continuity of all living organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, is focused on cellular growth and repair of the body.
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