Explain the circumstances which
Led to the launching of Non-
Cooperation and Khilafat Movement
Answers
Answer:
Circumstances which led to kjilafat non cooperation movement are following
a) Rowaltt act and jalliynawallah bagh masscare - Due to jalliyawallah bagh masscare Gandhi want to create a big movement to oppose biritish polishies
b) formation of khilafat committee—first world war end the defeat of ottomon empire. there is rumours that a harsh peace traety was singed beetween british and ottomon empire which reduces power of khalifa who was the spirtual head of islamic world. to opposse british A khifat committee was formed in indian in march 1919
c) support of Gandhiji to khilafat— Gandhi ji this time to as a big measure to unify hindu and muslim of india to get thats they proposed a non cooperation movement as well as khilafat in congress situations
Finally in jan 1921 non cooperation khilafat movemnt started
a. In the year 1919, Gandhiji organized a Satyagraha
against the Rowlatt Act which was passed
hurriedly by the Imperial Legislative Council
despite the opposition by the Indian members. He
planned a non¬violent Civil Disobedience against
this Act which would start with a hartals on 6th
April 1919.
b. The Rowlatt Act gave enormous power to the
government for repressing the political activities.
According to this Act the government can detain
the political prisoners without trial for a period
of two years.
c. On 13th April 1919, huge crowd had gathered in
the Jallianwalla Bagh. The crowd had two different
objectives. Some of them gathered to protest
the new repressive measures of the government
whereas others gathered to attend the annual
Baisakhi fair. Those who came from outside city
were not aware of the martial law. General Dyer
entered the ground, closed the exit points and
opened fire in which hundreds of innocent people
were killed. This was basically done to create a
feeling of terror in the minds of Satyagrahis.
d. A harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on
the Khalifa of the Ottoman empire the defeat in
the First World War. In March 1919, a Khilafat
committee was set up in Bombay to defend the
temporal powers of the Khalifa. Mohammad Ali
and Shaukat Ali were the two brothers among
the youth generation of the Muslim leaders who
discussed the issue with Mahatma Gandhi. Finally,
in September 1920 session of Congress in Calcutta
it was decided to start a Non-Cooperation in
support of Khilafat and also for the Swaraj.
e. In the year 1909 Mahatma Gandhi wrote a book
named ‘Hind Swaraj’ in which he wrote that
the British survived in India only because of the
cooperation of the Indians, otherwise they would
have collapsed within a year.
f. Gandhiji planned to unfold the movement in stages.
In the first stage the people surrendered the titles,
boycotted civil services, army, police, schools,
foreign goods, courts and legislative councils. The
full Civil Disobedience Campaign was planned for
the second phase, if the government try to repress
the first phase. Many within the Congress were
reluctant to boycott the council election which
was scheduled for November 1920. Finally in
December 1920, a compromise was made to adopt
the non-cooperation.