Question

explain the cleansing action of soap/detergents. (class 10)

Answer 1

when dirty clothes are in the soap solution dirt is of greasy matter when soap is  dissolved in water its hydrophobic ends  attach to dirt and remove it from clothes

Answer 2

Soap and detergents help insoluble particles to become soluble in water. It makes the cleaning easy. Oil or fats are insoluble in water. Soap molecules has two parts- the polar head and the long hydrocarbon tail. The insoluble oil/fat molecules become associated inside the micelle formed by soap molecules with polar hydrophilic (water-loving) groups on the outside and encasing a hydrophobic (water-hating) pocket, which shields the oil/fat molecules from the water making it soluble. Once the dirt or fat molecules are dissolved in water, it can be rinsed away easily.