Question

explain the cleansing agent of soap in detail

Answer 1

Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. In the case of soaps, the carbon chain dissolves in oil and the ionic end dissolves in water. Thus the soap molecules form structures called micelles .In micelles, one end is towards the oil droplet and the other end which is the ionic faces outside. Therefore, it forms an emulsion in water and helps in dissolving the dirt when we wash our clothes.

Soap is a kind of molecule in which both the ends have different properties.

Hydrophilic end

Hydrophobic end

The first one is the hydrophilic end which dissolves water and is attracted towards it whereas the second one is the hydrophobic end that is dissolved in hydrocarbons and is water repulsive in nature. If on the surface of the water, soap is present then the hydrophobic tail which is not soluble in water will align along the water surface

In water, the soap molecule is uniquely oriented which helps to keep the hydrocarbon part outside the water. When the clusters of molecules are formed then hydrophobic tail comes at the interior of the cluster and the ionic end comes at the surface of the cluster and this formation is called micelle. When the soap is in the form of micelles then it has the ability to clean the oily dirt which gets accumulated at the center. These micelles remain as a colloidal solutions. Therefore the dirt from the cloth is easily washed away. The soap solution appears cloudy as it forms a colloidal solution which scatters light.

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Answer 2

1.soaps and detergents make oil and dirt present on the cloth come out into water,there by making the cloth clean.
2.soap has one polar end and one non-polar end.
3.The polar end is hydrophobic,in nature and this end is attracted towards water.
4.The non-polar end is hydrophiloc,and it is attracted towards greaseor oil on the cloth,but not attracted towards water.
5.When soap is dissolved in water, its hydrophobic ends attach themselves to dirt and remove it from cloth,as shown subsequently.
6.The hydrophobic endof the soap molecules move towards rhe dirt or grease particles.
7.The hydrophobic ends attached to the dirt particles and try to pull out.
8.The moleculez of soap surrounded the dirt particles at the centre of the cluster and form a sphericle structure called "micelle".
9.These micelles remaun suspended in water like particles in a colloidal solution.
10.Thus,dirt particles remain trapped u n micelle and are easily rinced away wirg water.