Question

explain the composition and functions of panchayati raj institutions and examine their roles

Answer 1

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$<b>Introduction: The Panchayati Raj System as stipulated by the 73rd Amendment Act has the three-tier structure: (i) Gram Panchayat at the village level.(ii) Panchayat Samiti at the block level.(iii) Zila Parishad at the district level. _________________________________________________________________ I.   The composition of Gram Panchayat:  Gram Panchayat is the executive of Gram Sabha. The members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by the Gram Sabha. Every adult who is a resident of the village has the right to vote in the Panchayat elections. II. Functions:  (i) The Gram Panchayat makes arrangements for pure drinking water and or disinfecting the wells, tanks. etc.(ii) It improves sanitary conditions in the villages.(iii) It makes efforts for improving the health of the people, and for this purpose, it opens hospitals and dispensaries. III. The composition of Panchayat Samiti:  The member of the Block Development Committee (BDC) i.e. Panchayat Samiti are elected by the people directly on the basis of the universal adult franchise.  MLAs and MPs of the area, SDM and B.D.O. are the ex-officio members. Apart from ex-officio members, other members are elected and reservation of seats are provided for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in every Panchayat in the proportion of their population in that area.  It is also provided that 30 percent seats are reserved for women in each category and by rotation allotted to different constitutions. The term of Panchayat Samiti is for five years. IV.  Functions:  (i) The Panchayat Samiti looks after the working of all the Gram Panchayats in its area.(ii) It tries to promote scientific and modern agricultural practices in its area and distributes among the farmers at practices seeds, fertilizers and scientific equipment. V. A composition of Zila Parishad:  After the passage of the 73rd Amendment in December 1993, the Constitution has tried to provide constitutional validity and uniform system to the Panchayati Raj Systems. There will be a Zila Parishad in every district of a state with elected members. The chairman will be elected by the elected members. MLAs, MPs, Collector, Deputy Collectors and SDMs will be the ex-officio members. Each State government will constitute a Finance Commission to review the financial position of these institutions and to recommend allocation of funds and grants-in-aid. VI. Functions:  (i) Tries to co-ordinate the working of the Gram Panchayats and Panchayat Samitis in the district.(ii) The Panchayat Samitis pass their annual budget and send it to the Zila Parishad. The Zila Parishad gives its approval to the budget after deliberating over it thoroughly.$

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Answer 2

Have a look at the picture below: