explain the condition of women and education during Nazi period
Answers
as the war played out, the Nazi position on women shifted significantly. As all able-bodied men were sent to the front, the Nazis started to see how essential it was for women to enter the workforce, particularly in war factories and hospitals. So posters from the beginning of the Nazi era tell women they belong at the hearth, while posters from the end of the Nazi era tell women they belong in the factories. They were still supposed to have many children though.
After the war, women did most of the rebuilding (Rubble Women) and stayed in the workplace while German soldiers were still detained as POWs (until the 50s) and then slowly ceded place again, at least in West Germany. In East Germany, the number of working women remained high.
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Women in Nazi Germany were to have a very specific role in Nazi Germany. Hitler was very clear about this. This role was that they should be good mothers bringing up children at home while their husbands worked. Outside of certain specialist fields, Hitler saw no reason why a woman should work. Education taught girls from the earliest of years that this was the lifestyle they should have.
From their earliest years, girls were taught in their schools that all good German women married at a young age to a proper German and that the wife’s task was to keep a decent home for her working husband and to have children.
Women were not expected to work in Nazi Germany . In Weimar Germany there had been 100,000 female teachers, 3000 female doctors and 13,000 female musicians. Within months of Hitler coming to power, many female doctors and civil servants were sacked. This was followed by female teachers and lawyers. By the start of the Second World War, very few German women were in full time work. However, such was the skills shortage in Germany, that in 1937 a law was passed in 1937 which meant women had to do a “Duty Year”. This meant that they could work ‘patriotically’ in a factory etc. to help the Nazi’s “Economic Miracle”. The marriage loan was also abolished in this year.
As housewives and mothers, their lives were controlled. Women were not expected to wear make-up or trousers. The dyeing of hair was not allowed nor were perms. Only flat shoes were expected to be worn. Women were discouraged from slimming as this was considered bad for child birth. Women were encouraged to have a well built figure as slim women, so it was taught, would have problems in pregnancy…….Women were also discouraged from smoking – not because it was linked to problems with pregnancies – but because it was considered non-German to do so.
In Nazi Germany it was not considered a social problem if an unmarried woman had a child. In fact it was encouraged. The Nazis established Lebensborn’s which were buildings where selected unmarried women could go to get pregnant by a “racially pure” SS man. These were not buildings that were hidden away in some back street. The government openly publicised them and they had a white flag with a red dot in the middle to identify them to the public.
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