explain the construction detail of DC generator
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Construction of a DC Generator
A DC Generator is an electrical device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It mainly consists of three main parts, i.e. magnetic field system, armature and commutator and brush gear. The other parts of a DC Generator are magnetic frame and yoke, pole core and pole shoes, field or exciting coils, armature core and windings, brushes, end housings, bearings and shafts.
Circuit GlobeDC MachinesConstruction of a DC Generator
Construction of a DC Generator
A DC Generator is an electrical device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It mainly consists of three main parts, i.e. magnetic field system, armature and commutator and brush gear. The other parts of a DC Generator are magnetic frame and yoke, pole core and pole shoes, field or exciting coils, armature core and windings, brushes, end housings, bearings and shafts.
The diagram of the main parts of a 4 pole DC Generator or DC Machine is shown below:
construction-of-dc-generator-fig-1
Contents:
Magnetic Field System of DC Generator
Magnetic Frame and Yoke
Pole Core and Pole Shoes
Field or Exciting Coils
Armature of DC Generator
Armature Core
Armature Windings
Commutator in DC Generator
Brushes
End Housings
Bearings
Shaft
Magnetic Field System of DC Generator
The Magnetic Field System is the stationary or fixed part of the machine. It produces the main magnetic flux. The magnetic field system consists of Mainframe or Yoke, Pole core and Pole shoes and Field or Exciting coils. These various parts of DC Generator are described below in detail.
Magnetic Frame and Yoke
The outer hollow cylindrical frame to which main poles and inter-poles are fixed and by means of which the machine is fixed to the foundation is known as Yoke. It is made of cast steel or rolled steel for the large machines and for the smaller size machine the yoke is generally made of cast iron.
The two main purposes of the yoke are as follows:-
It supports the pole cores and provides mechanical protection to the inner parts of the machines.
It provides a low reluctance path for the magnetic flux.
Pole Core and Pole Shoes
The Pole Core and Pole Shoes are fixed to the magnetic frame or yoke by bolts. Since the poles, project inwards they are called salient poles. Each pole core has a curved surface. Usually, the pole core and shoes are made of thin cast steel or wrought iron laminations which are riveted together under hydraulic pressure. The poles are laminated to reduce the Eddy Current loss.