Question

explain the course of non cooperation movement in the countryside

Answer 1

In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra – a sanyasi whohad earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labourer. The movementhere was against talukdars and landlords who demanded frompeasants exorbitantly high rents and a variety of other cesses. Peasantshad to do begar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.As tenants they had no security of tenure, being regularly evicted sothat they could acquire no right over the leased land. The peasantmovement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begar, andsocial boycott of oppressive landlords. In many places nai – dhobibandhs were organised by panchayats to deprive landlords of theservices of even barbers and washermen. In June 1920, JawaharlalNehru began going around the villages in Awadh, talking to thevillagers, and trying to understand their grievances. By October, theOudh Kisan Sabha was set up headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, BabaRamchandra and a few others. Within a month, over 300 brancheshad been set up in the villages around the region. So when the Non-Cooperation Movement began the following year, the effort of theCongress was to integrate the Awadh peasant struggle into the widerstruggle. The peasant movement, however, developed in forms thatthe Congress leadership was unhappy with. As the movement spreadin 1921, the houses of talukdars and merchants were attacked,bazaars were looted, and grain hoards were taken over. In manyplaces local leaders told peasants that Gandhiji had declared thatno taxes were to be paid and land was to be redistributed amongthe poor. The name of the Mahatma was being invoked to sanctionall action and aspirations.
Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in yet another way. In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, for instance, a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s – not a form of struggle that the Congress could approve. Here, as in other forest regions, the colonial government had closed large forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. This enraged the hill people. Not only were their livelihoods affected but they felt that their traditional rights were being denied. When the government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building, the hill people revolted. The person who came to lead them was an interesting figure. Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers: he could make correct astrological predictions and heal people, and he could survive even bullet shots. Captivated by Raju, the rebels proclaimed that he was an incarnation of God. Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, said he was inspired by the Non-Cooperation Movement, and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking. But at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence. The Gudem rebels attacked police stations, attempted to kill British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. Raju was captured and executed in 1924, and over time became a folk hero.
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Answer 2

Answer:

Hi

Explanation:

(i) Participants : In the countryside, the movement was led by the peasants, tribals and the local leaders. For example, in Awadh, it was Baba Ramchandra sanyasi, who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labourer.

(ii) Why the rural people participated ? The movement here was not against the Britishers but against talukdars and landlords. The problems of the rural people were different from those of the urban people:

The talukdars and landlords were demanding very high rents and a variety of other taxes.

Peasants had to do begarand work at the landlord’s farms without any payment.

The peasants had no security of tenure. They were regularly evicted so that they could acquire no security of tenure.