Question

Explain the Darwin's theory of evolution.

Answer 1

Darwin's theory of evolution is based on five key observations and inferences drawn from them. 1) Species have great fertility. They make more offspring than can grow to adulthood. 2) Populations remain roughly the same size, with modest fluctuations. 3) Food resources are limited, but are relatively constant most of the time. From these three observations it may be inferred that in such an environment there will be a struggle for survival among individuals. 4) In sexually reproducing species, generally no two individuals are identical. Variation is rampant. 5) Much of this variation is heritable. From this it may be inferred: In a world of stable populations where each individual must struggle to survive, those with the "best" characteristics will be more likely to survive, and those desirable traits will be passed to their offspring. These advantageous characteristics are inherited by following generations, becoming dominant among the population through time. This is natural selection.


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Answer 2

THE DARWIN'S THEORY OF EVOLUTION

IT contain folowing postulates.


Over reproduction


it is common that all organisms usually have very high reproductive rate . if such rahe of reproduction were to continue even for a few generation ,soon a single species will occupy almost the whole area of the habitat.and as such no space ,foodand other necessities of life will be available for any other species to exist.so the total number of each species remain almost stationary which is due to the struggle for existence.


Struggle for existence.


Over production is the severe competition for good and space and other necessities.


It has following types

intra specific struggle --- b/w same species


inter specific struggle-----b/w different species.

environmental struggle---- from rain ,cold and drought etc.



Heritable variation.


individuals of a same species differ from each other in their ability to obtain resources, withstand environmental extremes. those individuals whose inherited characteristics fit them best to their environment would survive and produced more offspring than less fit individuals.