Question

explain the developments which made the mining of coal easier during the industrial revolution.

Answer 1

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Coal Mines in the Industrial Revolution

Coal was needed in vast quantities for the Industrial Revolution. For centuries, people in Britain had made do with charcoal if they needed a cheap and easy way to acquire fuel. What ‘industry’ that existed before 1700 used coal, but it came from coal mines that were near to the surface and the coal was relatively easy to get to. The Industrial Revolution changed all of this.

Before the Industrial Revolution, two types of mines existed: drift mines and bell pits. Both were small-scale coal mines and the coal which came from these type of pits was used locally in homes and local industry.

However, as the country started to industrialise itself, more and more coal was needed to fuel steam engines and furnaces. The development of factories by Arkwright and the improvement of the steam engine by Watt further increased demand for coal. As a result, coal mines got deeper and deeper and coal mining became more and more dangerous.

the ground. Once a coal seam was found, the miners dug horizontally. However, underground the miners faced very real and great dangers.

Even with Watt’s improved steam engine, gas flooding was a real problem in mines. Explosive gas (called firedamp would be found the deeper the miners got. One spark from a digging, miner’s pick axe or candle could be disastrous. Poisonous gases (called blackdamp and afterdamp) could also be found. Underground pit collapses were common too; the sheer weight of the ground above a worked coal seam was colossal and mines were only held up by wooden beams called props.

Regardless of all these dangers, there was a huge increase in the production of coal in Britain. Very little coal was found in the south, but vast amounts were found in the Midlands, the North, the North-east and parts of Scotland. Because coal was so difficult and expensive to move, towns and other industries grew up around the coal mining areas so that the workers came to the coal regions. This in itself was to create problems as these towns grew without any obvious planning or thought given to the facilities the miners and their families would need.

The increase in coal production :

1700: 2.7 million tonnes

1750: 4.7 million tonnes

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