Explain the difference between absolute relative and mixed cell referencing
Answers
What are Relative Cell References in Excel?
Let me take a simple example to explain the concept of relative cell references in Excel.
Suppose I have a data set shown below:
Relative Cell References in Excel Spreadsheets - Data
To calculate the total for each item, we need to multiply the price of each item with the quantity of that item.
For the first item, the formula in cell D2 would be B2* C2 (as shown below):
Relative Cell References in Excel Spreadsheets - Formula
Now, instead of entering the formula for all the cells one by one, you can simply copy cell D2 and paste it into all the other cells (D3:D8). When you do it, you will notice that the cell reference automatically adjust to refer to the corresponding row. For example, the formula in cell D3 becomes B3*C3 and the formula in D4 becomes B4*C4.
These cell references that adjust itself when the cell is copied are called relative cell references in Excel.
When to Use Relative Cell References in Excel?
Relative cells references are useful when you have to create a formula for a range of cells and the formula needs to refer to a relative cell reference.
In such cases, you can create the formula for one cell and copy paste it into all cells.
What are Absolute Cell References in Excel?
Unlike relative cell references, absolute cell references don’t change when you copy the formula to other cells.
For example, suppose you have the data set as shown below where you have to calculate the commission for each item’s total sales.
The commission is 20% and is listed in cell G1.
Absolute Cell reference in Excel - Dataset blank
To get the commission amount for each item sale, use the following formula in cell E2 and copy for all cells:
=D2*$G$1
Absolute Cell reference in Excel - formula
Note that there are two dollar signs ($) in the cell reference that has the commission – $G$2.
Answer:
i)Absolute Cell References. Situations arise in which the cell reference must remain the same when copied or when using AutoFill. Dollar signs are used to hold a column and/or row reference constant.
example:-=SUM(B5:B8), as shown below, changes to =SUM(C5:C8) when copied across to the next cell
ii) All cell references are relative references. When copied across multiple cells, they change based on the relative position of rows and columns. For example, if you copy the formula =A1+B1 from row 1 to row 2, the formula will become =A2+B2.
iii)A mixed cell reference is either an absolute column and relative row or absolute row and relative column. For example, $A1 is absolute for column A and relative for row 1, and A$1 is absolute for row 1 and relative for column A.
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