Explain the different forms of power sharing with the help example?5 mark answer
Answers
The different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are:
→ Horizontal Distribution of Power: The power is shared among the different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Example: The distribution of power between Indian Parliament (legislature), the council of ministers headed by chief ministers (executive) and Courts of India.
→ Vertical Distribution of Power: The power is shared among governments at different levels– a general government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or regional level. Example: In India, power is shared among Central government, State government and local governments.
→ Distribution of Power among different Social Groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.Example: ‘Community Government’ in Belgium.
→ Distribution of Power among Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements: Political Parties, Pressure Groups and Movements control or influence those who are in power. Different political parties contest elections for power which ensures that power does not remain in one hand and shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups. Pressure groups and movements influence the decision making process.
Explanation:
Power-sharing is a vital ingredient of any constitution. Power-sharing makes sure that there is an optimum balance between different sections in the society. Each and every state should have some forms of power-sharing. The chances of controversies and opportunity to every citizen increases. Power-sharing has its own value in a democracy. This ensures the stability of political order.
Forms of power-sharing
There are different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies which are listed below
Horizontal distribution of power
Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary.
Example – India This distribution ensures that none of the organs can exercise and utilise unlimited power.
Each and every organ keeps an eye on the others.
This system of arrangement is called a system of checks and balances.
Vertical distribution of power
Power can be shared among governments at different levels.
A general central government for the entire country and governments at the provincial or state and regional level.
Example – India Union Government that is central government & State Government.
Community government
Power can also be shared among different socially active groups such as the religious and linguistic groups.
Example – Belgium
Power-sharing between political parties, pressure groups and movements
This kind of power-sharing competition ensures that power does not remain in one single hand.
For longer duration, power is shared among different political parties that represent different ideologies and social groups.