Explain the different types of agricultural practices that help in achieving increased crop production. Paste / Draw pictures of these practices and Mention their other benefits to the farmer.
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Commercially available fertilizers containing NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) are globally known to be the "best" method in agriculture due to its economic benefits, especially for farmers and entrepreneurs who would like to increase crop yields at the lowest cost possible.
Commercially available fertilizers containing NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) are globally known to be the "best" method in agriculture due to its economic benefits, especially for farmers and entrepreneurs who would like to increase crop yields at the lowest cost possible.However, from an ecological perspective, the use of artificial fertilizers proves to disrupt the nutrient ratio in soils and lead to the competition of plants in croplands. This can be considered as one of the main cause of competitive exclusion among vegetation. Furthermore, repeated application may cause toxic buildup of chemicals in soils and may alter the soil pH which can harm beneficial microbial ecosystems.
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Soil preparation
Before raising a crop, the soil in which it is to be grown is prepared by plowing, leveling, and manuring. Ploughing is the process of loosening and digging of soil using a plough. This helps in proper aeration of the soil. After plowing, the soil is distributed evenly and leveled in the process called leveling. The soil is then manured.
Sowing
Selection of seeds of good quality crop strains is the primary stage of sowing. After the preparation of soil, these seeds are dispersed in the field and this is called sowing. Sowing can be done manually, by hand or by using seed drilling machines. Some crops like paddy are first grown into seedlings in a small area and then transplanted to the main field.
Manuring
Crops need nutrients to grow and produce yield. Thus the supply of nutrients at regular intervals is necessary. Manuring is the step where nutritional supplements are provided and these supplements may be natural (manure) or chemical compounds (fertilizers). Manure is the decomposition product of plant and animal wastes. Fertilizers are chemical compounds consisting of plant nutrients and are produced commercially. Apart from providing nutrients to crop, manure replenishes soil fertility as well. Other methods for soil replenishment are vermicompost, crop rotation, planting of leguminous plants.
Irrigation
Irrigation is the supply of water. Sources of water can be wells, ponds, lakes, canals, dams etc. Over irrigation may lead to water logging and damage the crop. This frequency and interval between successive irrigation need to be controlled.
Weeding
Weeds are unwanted plants which grow among crops. They are removed by using weedicides, by pulling them by hands and some are removed during soil preparation.
Harvesting
Once the crop is matured, it is cut and gathered, this process is called harvesting. Followed by harvesting, grains are separated from the chaff either by threshing or manually in small scale (winnowing).
Storage
Grains yielded are stored in granaries or bins at godowns for later use or marketing. Therefore, methods of crop protection need to be better. In order to protect grains from pest and rodents- cleaning, drying, fumigation, etc are done prior to storing.
For a successful agriculture, proper methods and practices are to be followed.
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