Question

Explain the differnt cropping pattern and state their advantage

Answer 1

Answer:

They are models of raising crops which help in obtaining maximum benefit from the same piece of land, reduce risk of crop failure, disease and infestation. Three common types of cropping patterns are mixed cropping, intercropping and crop rotation

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Answer 2

Answer:

There are three types of cropping patterns:

1.Mixed Cropping

When two or more crops are grown on the same land simultaneously, it is known as mixed cropping. For eg., growing wheat and gram on the same land at the same time is mixed cropping. This practice minimizes the risk of failure of one of the crops and insures against crop failure due to abnormal weather conditions.

The crops to be grown together should have a different maturation time and different water requirements. One tall and one dwarf crop should be grown together. The nutrients required by one crop should be less than those required by the other. One crop should have deep roots, other’s should be shallow. All these criteria lead to a successful mixed cropping pattern.

Advantages of Mixed Cropping

• The crop yield increases.

• The pest infestation is minimized.

• Reduction in the risk of crop failure.

• The soil is utilized properly.

• More than one variety of crops can be harvested at the same time.

2.Intercropping

Intercropping is the practice of growing more than one crop on the same field at the same time in a definite row pattern. After one row of the main crop, three rows of intercrops can be grown. This increases productivity per unit area.

Advantages of Intercropping

• The fertility of the soil is maintained.

• The spread of diseases and pests is controlled.

• Optimum utilization of resources.

• The space and time of growing more than one crop are saved.

• Maximum utilization of nutrients present in the soil.

• Maize and soybean, bajra and lobea are some of the crops grown as intercrops.

3.Crop Rotation

In this pattern, different crops are grown on the same land in preplanned succession. The crops are classified as one-year rotation, two-year rotation, and three-year rotation, depending upon their duration.

Legumes are included in the crop rotation programme to increase soil fertility. The crops which require high fertility level (wheat) can be grown after the legumes. The crops which require low inputs can be grown after the crops that require high inputs.

Advantages of Crop Rotation

• The soil fertility is maintained for a prolonged period.

• The growth of weeds and pests is prevented.

• A lot of chemical fertilizers are not required.

• The physical and chemical nature of the soil remains unaltered.