explain the dissimmilarity of sexual complexity of virus bacteria. algae fungi bryophyte pteridophytes gymnosperms
Answers
Answer:Life is a unique, complex organization of molecules that expresses it self though
chemical reactions which lead to growth, development, responsiveness, adaptation
& reproduction.
Unique features of living organesim:
Growth- reproduction- metabolism- consciousness-life span.
Living organisims are therefore, self- replicating, evolving & self-regulatory
interactive systems capable of responding to external stimuli.
Currently 1.7-1.8 billion living organisms known to science. Out of which 1.25
are animals and abut 0.5 millions are plants.
Systematic is branch of biology that deals with cataloguing plants, animals
and other organism into categories that can be named, compared & studied.
Biology : father of biology- Aristotle,Biology (Bio-life form, logy-study)
-Father of Zoology ( Aristotle )
Father of Botany ( Theophrastus )
Taxonomy: study of rules & procedure to classify organisms.
Cell contains - Cytoplasm
and Nucleoplasm Collectively called
Protoplasm
(Physical bas is of life )
given
by purkinje
Taxonomic categories (7 obligate )
- Kingdom (less similarities)
- Phylum ( animal ) / Division (plant )
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species ( More similarity ) basic unit of classification
Bionomical nomenclature given by C.linneaus
Taxonomic AIDS:
Herbarium : It is a place where dried and pressed specimens, mounted on sheets
are kept systematically according bentham to bantams & hooker classification. It
carries a label on right corner which provide. Information for future use. It provides a
quick refer back system and is quite useful for people involved in taxonomic studies.
All institutes leading with baotanical studies maintain their herbaria.
HISTORY OF HERBARIA : Majority of the world’s famous herbaria originated from
the botanical gardens. The first herbarium was set up at Pisa in Italy by a professor
of botany Luca Ghini. His students bound the paper sheets having plant specimens
mounted on them into book volumes, and spread the art of herbarium throughout
Europe.
Linnaeus started storing the paper sheets with plants mounted on them in piles, a
practice followed even today.
MAJOR HARBARIA: Largest herbaria of the world are at Royal Botanic Garden,
Kew, England (6.5) million speciment) and Museum of Natural history. Paris ( 6
million specimens). In India, the largest herbarium is at Indian Botanical Garden,
sibpur, Kolkata, called Central Natonal Herbarium (2milion speciment ).
ROLE OF HERBARIA:
Repository of plant specimens
Safety of type specimens
Compilation of Flora, Manuals and Monographs
Identification facility
Preservation of voucher specimens
Knowing ecology of different places.
MUSEUMS: Museums have collection of preserved plants and animals for study
and reference. Only those plants are preserved in museum which can not be kept
in herbaria, e.g. algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, parts of gymnosperms, fruits,
underground storage organs, etc. animals are preserved in chemical solutions
(mostly formalin) as well as in stuffed and skeleton forms.
The objective of preparing a ;museum is to record information and preserve
specimens for taxonomic studies. It does intend to kill or destory the animals
unnecessarily. Biology students are asked to collect and preserve plants, plant
parts and dead animals and others.
MUSEUMS.:IMPORTANT
American Museum of Natural History, New York, U.S.A.
State Museum of Natural Histqry, Stuttgaut, Germany.
Museum of Natural History, Switzerland.
National Museum of Natural History, Paris.
National Museum of Natural History, Barakhamba Road, New Delhi.
Museum of Mumbai Natural History Society (Hombill House, Shahid Bhagat
Singh Road)Mumbai.
Museum of Arthropoda (Shaniwar Petu), Pune. .
Role:
The collection of specimens helps in gathering the first hand information about
the habitat, soil and organisms of the area.
They are used to deposit type specimens whenever new taxa described.
ZOOLOGICAL PARKS: : An enclosed place where live wi1d anImals are Kept tor
public exhibitlon is called a zoological park. Zoological parks provide more natural
environment.
A scientific purpose of the zoo is to breed the animals which otherwise are facing a
threat in their
natural habitat. Due to development activities, they are facing poaching and habitat
destruction.
Information about common name and a scientific name is also displayed in the
zoological garden
park.
In India, there are about 300 zoological parks. A Central Zoo Authority looks after
their
management in India.
Role:
Study of live animal types.
Sources of tourist attraction.
Ex situ conservation through captive breeding of endangered animals
Explanation: