explain the effects of globalization on bihar
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Answer:
Definition of Globalization :- Its a process(not an outcome) characterized by increasing global Interconnections by gradual removal of barriers to trade and investment between nation and higher economic efficiency through competitiveness.
Various economic, political, social and cultural effects of globalization are as follows:-
Economic:-
Breaking down of national economic barriers
International spread of Trade, Financial and productive activities
Growing power of transnational cooperation and International financial Institutions(WTO, IMF)Through the process of:-
1- Liberalization- relaxation of restrictions, reduction in role of state in economic activities,decline in role of govt in key industries, social and infrastructural sector.
2- Privatization- Public offering of shares and private sale of shares, entry of private sector in public sector and sale of govt enterprises.
3- FDI
4- International regulatory bodies(WTO,IMF)
5- MNC’s
6- Infrastructural development
7- Expansion of information and communication technology and birth of information age.
8- Outsourcing of services- ie BPO and Call Centres.
9- Trade related intellectual property rights(TRIPS)- product based patent rather than process based.
Social effects:-
Withdrawal of National govt from social sectors ie declining share of govt in public spending, reducing social benefits for worker(social dumping,pension cuts,subsidies reduction)
Labor reforms and deteriorating Labor welfare:-
Labour Market deregulation:-
Minimum wage fixing
Employment security
Modifying tax regulation
Relaxed standards of security
Increased Mechanization demands skilled labour and thus loss of job for unskilled labour
Loss of jobs for traditional workers for example bihar silk workers due to imported Chinese- Korean silk
Feminism of Labour ie increased women participation specially in soft industries
Trickle down theory of poverty reduction has limited success and in agricultural nations poverty has infect increased.
Unsustainable development practices such as:- excessive use of fertilizers, irrigation, fish trawling by mnc’s(Protein flight ),Exploitation of natural resources by MNC’s.
Migration and urbanization have lead to problem of slums
Commercialization of indigenous knowledge:- patenting
Rising inequality in wealth concentration
Cultural:-
Increased pace of cultural penetration
Globalization of culture
Development of hybrid culture
Resurgence of cultural nationalism ie shivsena opposing valentine day
Political:-
Globalization of National Policies- Influenced by International agencies
Reducing economic role of govt
Political lobbying
Positive effects of Globalization
Increased competition
Employment generation
Investment and capital flow
Foreign trade
Spread of technical know how
Spread of education
Legal and ethical effects
Improved status of women in the society
Urbanization
Agriculture:- greater efficiency,productivity, use of HYV seeds, Future contracts and cooperative farming
Higher standard of living
explain the impact of globalisation on Bihar