Explain the ‘Erythroblastosis foetalis’.
Answers
Erythroblastosis fetalis, also called hemolytic disease of the newborn, type of anemia in which the red blood cells (erythrocytes) of a fetus are destroyed in a maternal immune reaction resulting from a blood groupincompatibility between the fetus and its mother. This incompatibility arises when the fetus inherits a certain blood factor from the father that is absent in the mother. Symptoms of erythroblastosis fetalis range from mild to severe; death of the fetus or newborn sometimes results.
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The antigens of the foetus do not get exposed to the Rh- blood of the mother in the first pregnancy. However, during the delivery of the first child, there is a possibility of exposure of the maternal blood to small amounts of the Rh+ve blood from the foetus. In such cases, the mother starts preparing antibodies against Rh antigen in her blood.
In case of her subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antibodies from the mother Rh-ve can leak into the blood of the foetus Rh+ve. This could cause severe anaemia and jaundice to the baby. This condition is called erythroblastosis foetalis.