Question

explain the events that led to launching of non-cooperation movement​

Answer 1

Answer:

After a series of events including the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Gandhiji realised that there was no prospect of getting any fair treatment at the hands of British, so he planned to withdraw the nation's co-operation from the British Government, thus launching the Non-Cooperation Movement and thereby marring the administrative set up of the country. This movement was a great success as it got massive encouragement to millions of Indians. This movement almost shook the British authorities

Answer 2

a. In the year 1919, Gandhiji organized a Satyagraha

against the Rowlatt Act which was passed

hurriedly by the Imperial Legislative Council

despite the opposition by the Indian members. He

planned a non¬violent Civil Disobedience against

this Act which would start with a hartals on 6th

April 1919.

b. The Rowlatt Act gave enormous power to the

government for repressing the political activities.

According to this Act the government can detain

the political prisoners without trial for a period

of two years.

c. On 13th April 1919, huge crowd had gathered in

the Jallianwalla Bagh. The crowd had two different

objectives. Some of them gathered to protest

the new repressive measures of the government

whereas others gathered to attend the annual

Baisakhi fair. Those who came from outside city

were not aware of the martial law. General Dyer

entered the ground, closed the exit points and

opened fire in which hundreds of innocent people

were killed. This was basically done to create a

feeling of terror in the minds of Satyagrahis.

d. A harsh peace treaty was going to be imposed on

the Khalifa of the Ottoman empire the defeat in

the First World War. In March 1919, a Khilafat

committee was set up in Bombay to defend the

temporal powers of the Khalifa. Mohammad Ali

and Shaukat Ali were the two brothers among

the youth generation of the Muslim leaders who

discussed the issue with Mahatma Gandhi. Finally,

in September 1920 session of Congress in Calcutta

it was decided to start a Non-Cooperation in

support of Khilafat and also for the Swaraj.

e. In the year 1909 Mahatma Gandhi wrote a book

named ‘Hind Swaraj’ in which he wrote that

the British survived in India only because of the

cooperation of the Indians, otherwise they would

have collapsed within a year.

f. Gandhiji planned to unfold the movement in stages.

In the first stage the people surrendered the titles,

boycotted civil services, army, police, schools,

foreign goods, courts and legislative councils. The

full Civil Disobedience Campaign was planned for

the second phase, if the government try to repress

the first phase. Many within the Congress were

reluctant to boycott the council election which

was scheduled for November 1920. Finally in

December 1920, a compromise was made to adopt

the non-cooperation.