Explain the expansion of Islam under the Umayyad and Abbasid.
Answers
Ali's death split the Muslim world into two with Husain forming and leading one group (Abbasids) under the premise that only blood descendents of Ali (he was Ali's son), while the other group (Umayyad) came to be known as Sunnis as they believed that any Muslim could become a leader of the Islamic world.The Umayyad dynasty centralized authority within the Islamic civilization, perhaps most notably with its fifth ruler ʿAbd al-Malik. ʿAbd al-Malik implemented a broad program of Arabization, making Arabic the official language of administration, creating an Arabized class of administrators, and creating Arabic coinage for the empire. The Umayyads also oversaw a rapid expansion of territory, extending as far west as Spain and as far east as India, allowing both Islam and the Arabic language to spread over a vast area.
Answer:
The Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE, supporting the mawali, or non-Arab Muslims, by moving the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE. The Persian bureaucracy slowly replaced the old Arab aristocracy as the Abbasids established the new positions of vizier and emir to delegate their central authority.