EXPLAIN THE EXPERIMENT BRIEFLY TO IDENTIFY THE FIBRE?
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Scientific tests and techniques to identify a textile fiber
A number of methods are available for characterization of the structural, physical, and chemical properties of fibers. Various methods are used for fiber identification like microscopic methods, solubility, heating and burning method, density, and staining etc. End-use property characterization methods often involve the use of laboratory techniques which are adapted to simulate actual conditions of average wear on the textile or that can predict performance in end-use
Fiber Identification Methods
fiber inspection through microscope
There are different types of textile fibers used in the apparels and also the types and numbering of yarns.Therefore it is necessary to learn the different methods to identify different textile fibers.
The knowledge of identifying the textile fibers helps a producer of garments to identify the type of fiber and the care to be taken in maintaining the fabrics made of a particular type of fiber. This is an important factor for labeling of the garments, which includes specifying the fiber content in the garment.
There are different tests which could be used for the identification of the textile fibers such as burning test, microscopic test, solubility test, optical test, density test etc. We would be discussing the basic tests like burning, feeling, microscopic and chemical tests of identifying the textile fibers.
Nontechnical testing does not require any special equipment or setting for identification of fiber. The different nontechnical methods of identifying the textile fibers are:
Feeling Test
Burning Test
These tests are useful and simple to perform and also provide ready identification under certain circumstances.
Microscopic Identification: Positive identification of many natural fibers is possible using the microscope
Solubility: The chemical structure of polymers in a fiber determines the fiber’s basic solubility characteristics
Heating and Burning Characteristics: The reaction of fibers to heat from an open flame is a useful guide in the identification of fibers.
Density or Specific Gravity: Fiber density may be used as an aid in fiber identification
Staining: Fibers have differing dyeing characteristics and affinities dependent on the chemical and morphological structure of the fiber.
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