explain the factors affecting the electron gain enthalpy
Answers
Answer:
Variation along a Period
Explanation:
Electron gain enthalpy becomes more and more negative from left to right in a period. As we move across a period from left to right the atomic size decreases and the nuclear charge increases. Both these factors tend to increase the attraction by the nucleus for the incoming electron.
Answer:
Explanation:
Electron gain enthalpy is the energy released when an isolated gaseous atom is converted into a negative ion by adding an extra electron.
Electron gain enthalpy is denoted by the sign∆egH.
The process may be represented by
M(g) + e– ———————>M– (g)
neutral gaseous atom anion
∆ H=∆eg H
electron gain enthalpy is negative or positive it depends upon the nature of the element. For example. For halogens it is highly negative, because they can acquire the noble gas configuration by accepting an extra electron.
In contrast. For noble gases have positive electron gain enthalpy because energy has to be supplied to the element.
Factors on which electron gain enthalpy depends:
Atomic size. As the size of an atom increases, the distance between its nucleus and the incoming electron also increases. Therefore, the force of attraction between the nucleus and the incoming electron decreases and hence the electron gain enthalpy becomes less negative.
Nuclear charge. As the nuclear charge increases force of attraction for the incoming electron increases and thus electron gain enthalpy becomes more negative.
Symmetry of electronic configuration. Elements having symmetrical configuration (Either half filled or fully filled orbitals in the same sub shell)
having no attraction for electron because by accepting electron their configuration becomes less stable. In that case energy has to be supplied to accept electron. Thus electron gain enthalpy will be positive.