Question

Explain the factors affecting the intemolecular attraction forces.

Answer 1

the strength of the London forces between molecules increases as the number of electrons in the molecules increases this is because a larger atomic radius and electron cloud means that big a temporary dipoles in instantaneously induced due to the random movement of electrons are there is more potential for one side of the molecules to have a higher electron density causing it to be more Delta negative and does the other side is more Delta positive and the overall dipole moment within the molecule is Greater this means that big a temporary dipoles are induced and neighbouring molecules and the resultant attraction between the Delta negative and of one molecule And The Delta positive and of another molecule is greater than the London forces intermolecular forces between molecules in a substance are stronger and require more energy to break down does the overall substance has a higher melting or boiling point and all over entrophy as there are fewer ways of distributing energy quanta the strongest intermolecular forces are hydrogen bonds this occur between molecules that have a delta positive hydrogen atom attached to a small highly electronegative Delta negative atom with Elo atomic radius and higher Proton number atomic radius ratio so it has a greater tendency to attract a bonding pair of electrons hydrogen bonds form between the Delta positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and the lone pair of electrons On The Delta negative atom of another molecule Damoh hydrogen atoms molecule has no more hydrogen bonds it confirm meaning that there are more hydrogen bonds for molecule the ratio of 2 hydrogen atoms one electronegative oxygen atom in water molecules mean that more of the H2O molecules are involved in hydrogen bonding so that is more hydrogen bonding in the overall substance giving at a higher boiling point than other hydrogen-bonded substances this makes it an ideal transport medium as it can act as a solvent while being viscous and resistant changes in temperature making it an appropriate substance to facilitate mass flow in organisms permanent dipole forces arise between polar molecules that have a permanent dipole moment or overall separation of charge so one and of the molecule is Delta positive and the other end is Delta negative as the molecule contains polar bonds between atoms of different electronegativities and atoms are arranged in such a way that the dipoles do not cancel ion-dipole forces arise between ions and Delta positive hydrogen atoms in water or between cations and delta negative oxygen atoms inverter this happens when ionic substances dissolve in water as the substance this sociate into its ions and this ions are subsequently surrounded by water molecules hydrogen bonds at the strongest type of intermolecular force followed by London forces then Ion dipole or permanent dipole forces therefore the more hydrogen bonding and London forces there are between molecules and a substance as well as any additional permanent dipole forces the stronger the intermolecular forces are between molecules and the substance given the substance a higher boiling or melting point as more energy is required to break a it down

Answer 2

Factors affecting intermolecular attraction forces

• Intermolecular attraction forces can also be defined as Van Der Walls forces which are weak electrostatic forces that attract the neutral molecules to one another, and there are three types of van der walls forces are there; one is electrostatic, second one induction and the third one is dispersion.

• Size of atoms increases so the Van der walls forces increase; Boiling and melting point increase because of the increase of the Van der walls force.

• The electronegativity plays a vital role in the VWF

• Most of the non metals exist in liquid and gaseous state so they have these VWF whereas metals have cohesive forces

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