Question

explain the factors of perceiver​

Answer 1

1. Characteristics of the Perceiver: Several characteristics of the perceiver can affect perception. When an individual looks at a target and attempts to interpret what he or she stands for, that interpretation is heavily influenced by personal characteristics of the individual perceiver. The major characteristics of the perceiver influencing perception are:

a) Attitudes: The perceiver’s attitudes affect perception. For example, suppose Mr. X is interviewing candidates for a very important position in his organization – a position that requires negotiating contracts with suppliers, most of whom are male. Mr X may feel that women are not capable of holding their own in tough negotiations. This attitude will doubtless affect his perceptions of the female candidates he interviews.

b) Moods: Moods can have a strong influence on the way we perceive someone. We think differently when we are happy than we do when we are depressed. In addition, we remember information that is consistent with our mood state better than information that is inconsistent with our mood state. When in a positive mood, we form more positive impressions of others. When in a negative mood, we tend to evaluate others unfavourably.

c) Motives: Unsatisfied needs or motives stimulate individuals and may exert a strong influence on their perceptions. For example, in an organizational context, a boss who is insecure perceives a subordinate’s efforts to do an outstanding job as a threat to his or her own position. Personal insecurity can be translated into the perception that others are out to "get my job", regardless of the intention of the subordinates.

d) Self-Concept: Another factor that can affect social perception is the perceivers’ self-concept. An individual with a positive self-concept tends to notice positive attributes in another person. In contrast, a negative self-concept can lead a perceiver to pick out negative traits in another person. Greater understanding of self allows us to have more accurate perceptions of others.

Answer 2

a. Attitudes: Suppose, an OB teacher who has negative attitudes towards Nepali(language) speaking and students sitting on last bench would neglect even the genuine questions raised by them.
b. Motives: It plays an important role in determining what person perceives. A person’s most urgent needs and desires at any given time can influence perception.
c. Interests: We perceive those things quickly for which we have a deep interest. For example, an imperfect faced person will be perceived quickly by a plastic surgeon as compared to a dentist.
d. Experience: Successful experiences enhance and boost up the perceptive ability and lead to accuracy in perception and vice versa.
e. Expectations: People see what they expect to see.People who accept themselves are more likely to be able to see favourable aspects of other people.Teacher would notice rough behaviour of a student on last bench as compared to the first benchers.