Explain the fields of AI.
Answers
Explanation:
.AI has inter-related scientific and engineering goals.Major sub-fields of AI now include:
Machine learning.
Neural Network.
Robotics.
Expert Systems.
Fuzzy Logic.
Natural Language Processing....
Machine learning
In terms of advanced technology, one of the most demanded fields is Machine Learning, it is making buzz every day whenever a new product is introduced by any company that deploys ML techniques and algorithms for delivering the consumer in a highly creative manner.
Machine Learning is the science that enables machines to translate, execute and investigate data for solving real-world problems.
ML algorithms are created by complex mathematical skills that are coded in a machine language in order to make a complete ML system.
ML enables individuals to execute tasks to categorize, decipher and estimate data from a given dataset.
2. Neural network.
Incorporating cognitive science and machines to perform tasks, the neural network is a branch of artificial intelligence that makes use of neurology ( a part of biology that concerns the nerve and nervous system of the human brain).
Replicating the human brain where the human brain comprises an infinite number of neurons and to code brain-neurons into a system or a machine is what the neural network functions.
Neural network and machine learning combinedly solve many complex tasks with ease while many of these tasks can be automated.
3. Robotics
This has emerged as a very sizzling field of artificial intelligence. An interesting field of research and development mainly focuses on designing and constructing robots.
Robotics is an interdisciplinary field of science and engineering incorporated with mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and many others.
Robotics determines the designing, producing, operating, and usage of robots. It deals with computer systems for their control, intelligent outcomes, and information transformation.
Robots are deployed often for conducting tasks that might be laborious for humans to perform steadily.
Major of robotics tasks involved- assembly line for automobile manufacturing, for moving large objects in space by NASA.
AI researchers are also developing robots using machine learning to set interaction at social levels.
Listing the major branches of AI that include Machine Learning, Neural Network, Robotics, Expert Systems, Fuzzy Logic, Natural Language Processing.
Six major branches of Artificial Intelligence
4. Expert system
Expert systems were considered amid the first successful model of AI software. For the first time, they were designed in the 1970s and after that escalated in the 1980s. (Source)
Under the umbrella of an AI technology, an expert system refers to a computer system that mimics the decision-making intelligence of a human expert.
5. Fuzzy Logic
In the real world, sometimes we face a condition where it is difficult to recognize whether the condition is true or not, their fuzzy logic gives relevant flexibility for reasoning that leads to inaccuracies and uncertainties of any condition.
Fuzzy logic is a technique that represents and modifies uncertain information by measuring the degree to which the hypothesis is correct.
Fuzzy logic is also used for reasoning about naturally uncertain concepts.
It is simply the generalization of the standard logic where a concept exhibits a degree of truth between 0.0 to 1.0. If the concept is completely true, standard logic is 1.0 and 0.0 for the completely false concept. But in fuzzy logic, there is also an intermediate value too which is partially true and partially false.
6. Natural language processing
Natural language processing depicts the developing methods that assist in communicating with machines using human languages such as English.
NLP is the processing of the human language by computer programs, examples include; spam detection by looking at the subject of a line or text of an email and checking if it is junk.
NLP tasks are text translation, sentiment analysis, and speech recognition. NLP is used by Twitter to percolate terroristic language from their tweets, by amazon to interpret user reviews and enhance user experience.
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Artificial Intelligence is relatively new field in science & engineering. The gestation of Artificial Intelligence started in 1950. Alan Turing in his article "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" in 1950 introduced the Turing Test, machine learning, genetic algorithms and reinforcement learning. Alan Turing (1912-1954) is called the father of computer science & Artificial Intelligence. John McCarthy first coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" in 1956 at Dartmouth conference, where a two month workshop was conducted on automata theory, neutral nets and study of intelligence.