Question

Explain the following facts:- a) though the electronegativeties of nitrogen and chlorine are same however NH3 exist as liquid whereas HCL as gas. b)carbon oxygen bond lengths are equal in carbonation

Answer 1

· Shouldn't hydrogen bonding then exist in HCl gas, seeing as .... However N and Cl have the same electronegativity, as people have ...

Answer 2

Explanation:

A) The electro-negativity of nitrogen and chlorine is same but $NH_3$ exists as a liquid and HCl as a gas because $NH_3$ has hydrogen bonding. Nitrogen is of smaller size as compared to chlorine and a high electron density.

Therefore, nitrogen forms hydrogen bonding which keeps it in liquid state. Chlorine on the other hand does not form any hydrogen bond and so HCl exists in the gas state.  

B) The length of oxygen and carbon bonds is equal in a carbonate ion because of resonance that takes place in the carbonate ion. Resonance means that there is a continuous position shift in the double bonds formed by carbon and oxygen in the carbonate ion.

This shift in position of the double bond is so quick that they seem to be constant.