Explain the Following features of Sociology class XI
1.Sociology as social science.
2.Sociology as science, not an applied science.
3.Sociology ascategorical science .
4.Sociology as general science.
5. Sociology asboth rational and empirical science.
6. Subject Matter of Sociology
7.Sociology as science of generalisation
Answers
Answer:
Question 1.
Why is the study of the origin and growth of sociology important?
Answer:
The study of origin and growth of societies are important in sociology to understand several personal and social issues.
England was the centre of industrial revolution. The understanding of how urbanisation or factory production influenced all modern societies is very important.
Sociology of India reflects origin and growth of people, social institution and their problems. Indian history is full of imperialistic invasions. In India there has been a long past of feudalism, capitalism and colonalisation.
Indian history related to political, social or cultural domains is written by foreigners and therefore it is far from truth.
Basically it is biased. Therefore Sociology of India is also biased. Presently Indian society can be understood in its complexity of tradition which are influenced by Turks, Mongols, Kushan, Afgans and Britishers and the influence of modem world. Indian sociology is a complex product of its history.
Therefore the study of the origin and growth of society is important for sociology.
Question 2.
Discuss the different aspects of the term ‘society’. How is it different from your common sense understanding?
Answer:
Society is the web of social relationship.
Sociology is a system of usage and procedures of authority and mutual aid of many groupings and division of control of human behaviour and of liberties. (Maciver and Page).
This definition of sociology emphasies that main features of society are usage, procedure, authority, mutual aid, group and division and liberties.
Usage means accepted ways (norms) of the society.
Procedure refers to social institutions like family or marriage which is important for social network.
Authority means a system which controls the units of society (Individual) or maintains social web.
Groups and division mean groups and subgroups in which the individual interacts and learn social norms.
Control of human behaviour refers to social control and freedom to the individuals in the form of written or unwritten norms which are important for smooth functioning of social network.
Above mentioned elements are different aspects of society and web of social relationship, according to Maciver and Page.
Class 11 Sociology Chapter 1 NCERT Extra Questions
Class 11 Sociology Chapter 1 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What is Sociology?
Answer:
Sociology is a comprehensive study of whole society.
Sociology is a descriptive and analytical discipline concerned with the structural aspects of human society.
Sociology is the science of human relations.
Question 2.
What is society?
Answer:
Society is a system of usage and procedures of authority and mutual aid, of many groupings and divisions, of controls of human behaviour and of liberties. It is the web of social relationship. It is always changing.
Question 3.
How human society is different from animal’s society? (HOTS)
Answer:
The organism needs food, sex and security. Both human beings and animals are similar in security needs, reproduction, sensations, mental process, blood circulation and diseases. But both are different:
Humans have their own culture comprising experiences with which animals are deprived.
Human beings have a complex system of speech and communication. We can comprehend, can use hands whereas animals cannot.
Question 4.
State characteristics of society.
Answer:
According to Harry M. Johnson, society has following characteristics:
Definite territory: Society is a territorial group.
Progeny: The members of a society came by means of human reproduction within the group of people.
Culture: Society is always culturally sufficient.
Independence: Society is permanent, self contained and an integrated group. The members of the group are interdependent.
Question 5.
Explain the concept of social facts.
Answer:
There are ways of thinking, feeling and acting that are experienced by individuals as external and constraining and that are general throughout the social group. Emile Durkheim emphasised on social facts. He talked about individual and collective consciousness. All thoughts, ideas or inventions developed by individuals, when accepted and adopted by larger group became part of collective consciousness. He stated that society is external to man. It influences our entire life. We are part of society having our own specific place in the social system.
Question 6.
How society is a continuous process?
Answer:
Society is a continuous process. It functions in a natural way. Society is not imposed upon people rather it is accepted by the members. The most important part in the functioning of society is negotiations. Due to social interaction society gets constituted and reconstituted.