Explain the following giving examples.
(a) saturated solution
(b)
pure substance
(c) colloid
(d) suspension
Answers
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(ᴀ) ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴇʀᴍ sᴀᴛᴜʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ɪs ᴜsᴇᴅ ɪɴ ᴄʜᴇᴍɪsᴛʀʏ ᴛᴏ ᴅᴇғɪɴᴇ ᴀ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ɴᴏ ᴍᴏʀᴇ sᴏʟᴠᴇɴᴛ ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ᴅɪssᴏʟᴠᴇᴅ. ɪᴛ ɪs ᴜɴᴅᴇʀsᴛᴏᴏᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ sᴀᴛᴜʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ sᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ ʜᴀs ʙᴇᴇɴ ᴀᴄʜɪᴇᴠᴇᴅ ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴀɴʏ ᴀᴅᴅɪᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪs ᴀᴅᴅᴇᴅ ʀᴇsᴜʟᴛs ɪɴ ᴀ sᴏʟɪᴅ ᴘʀᴇᴄɪᴘɪᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴏʀ ɪs ʟᴇᴛ ᴏғғ ᴀs ᴀ ɢᴀs. ᴇɢ: sᴀʟᴛᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ
(ʙ) ᴘᴜʀᴇ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ: ᴀ ᴍᴀᴛᴇʀɪᴀʟ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪs ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏsᴇᴅ ᴏғ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴏɴᴇ ᴛʏᴘᴇ ᴏғ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ.ᴇɢ: ɢᴏʟᴅ, ᴏxʏɢᴇɴ ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ.
(ᴄ) ᴄᴏʟʟᴏɪᴅ: ᴀ ʜᴏᴍᴏɢᴇɴᴇᴏᴜs ɴᴏɴ-ᴄʀʏsᴛᴀʟʟɪɴᴇ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛɪɴɢ ᴏғ ʟᴀʀɢᴇ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ᴏʀ ᴜʟᴛʀᴀᴍɪᴄʀᴏsᴄᴏᴘɪᴄ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs ᴏғ ᴏɴᴇ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ ᴅɪsᴘᴇʀsᴇᴅ ᴛʜʀᴏᴜɢʜ ᴀ sᴇᴄᴏɴᴅ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ.ᴇɢ: ɢᴇʟs, sᴏʟs ᴀɴᴅ ᴇᴍᴜʟsɪᴏɴs.
ᴅ) sᴜsᴘᴇɴsɪᴏɴ: ᴀ sᴜsᴘᴇɴsɪᴏɴ ɪs ᴀ ʜᴇᴛᴇʀᴏɢᴇɴᴇᴏᴜs ᴍɪxᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪɴ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ sᴏʟᴜᴛᴇ-ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs sᴇᴛᴛʟᴇ ᴏᴜᴛ ᴏғ ᴀ sᴏʟᴠᴇɴᴛ-ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴘʜᴀsᴇ sᴏᴍᴇᴛɪᴍᴇ ᴀғᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ɪɴᴛʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ. ᴡᴇ ᴀᴘᴘʟʏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴡᴏʀᴅ sᴜsᴘᴇɴsɪᴏɴ ᴡʜᴇɴ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ʙɪɢ ᴇɴᴏᴜɢʜ ᴛᴏ ᴇᴠᴇɴᴛᴜᴀʟʟʏ sᴇᴛᴛʟᴇ.ᴇɢ: ᴡʜᴇᴀᴛ ғʟᴏᴜʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴡᴀᴛᴇʀ.
Answer:
(a) Saturated solution. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is said to be saturated at that temperature. For example, 35.7 g of NaCl can be dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20°C.
(a) Saturated solution. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is said to be saturated at that temperature. For example, 35.7 g of NaCl can be dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20°C.(b) Pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of atoms or molecules. Pure
(a) Saturated solution. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is said to be saturated at that temperature. For example, 35.7 g of NaCl can be dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20°C.(b) Pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of atoms or molecules. Puresubstances have same colour and texture at given temperature and presure. Pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point at constant pressure. Pure substance includes elements and compounds. For example, hydrogen gas, sodium chloride, water etc.
(a) Saturated solution. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is said to be saturated at that temperature. For example, 35.7 g of NaCl can be dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20°C.(b) Pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of atoms or molecules. Puresubstances have same colour and texture at given temperature and presure. Pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point at constant pressure. Pure substance includes elements and compounds. For example, hydrogen gas, sodium chloride, water etc.(c) Colloid. A substance is said to be in the colloidal state if its particle size lies betweenland 100 nm. A colloidal solution is heterogeneous in nature and consist of two phases i.e. dispersed phase or colloidal particles and dispersion medium in which colloidal particles are suspended eg colloidal solution of starch in water
(a) Saturated solution. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is said to be saturated at that temperature. For example, 35.7 g of NaCl can be dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20°C.(b) Pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of atoms or molecules. Puresubstances have same colour and texture at given temperature and presure. Pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point at constant pressure. Pure substance includes elements and compounds. For example, hydrogen gas, sodium chloride, water etc.(c) Colloid. A substance is said to be in the colloidal state if its particle size lies betweenland 100 nm. A colloidal solution is heterogeneous in nature and consist of two phases i.e. dispersed phase or colloidal particles and dispersion medium in which colloidal particles are suspended eg colloidal solution of starch in water(d) Suspension. It is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles of the solute do not dissolve
(a) Saturated solution. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature is said to be saturated at that temperature. For example, 35.7 g of NaCl can be dissolved in 100 ml of water at 20°C.(b) Pure substance. A pure substance is made of only one type of atoms or molecules. Puresubstances have same colour and texture at given temperature and presure. Pure substance has a fixed melting and boiling point at constant pressure. Pure substance includes elements and compounds. For example, hydrogen gas, sodium chloride, water etc.(c) Colloid. A substance is said to be in the colloidal state if its particle size lies betweenland 100 nm. A colloidal solution is heterogeneous in nature and consist of two phases i.e. dispersed phase or colloidal particles and dispersion medium in which colloidal particles are suspended eg colloidal solution of starch in water(d) Suspension. It is a heterogeneous mixture in which the particles of the solute do not dissolvebut remain suspended throughout the bulk of the material and the size of particles is more than 10-7 m. These particles can be seen with naked eye.