explain the following literary devices and cite suitable examples from class 10 CBSE syllabus:
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Personification
4. Alliteration
5. Repetition
6. Oxymoron
7. Refrain
8. Hyperbole
9. Allusion
10. Apostrophe
11. Irony
12. Paradox
13. Onomatopoeia
(You can skip 2-3 of these)
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Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Simile
A simile is a figure of speech that uses comparison. In a simile, we use two specific words “like” and “as” to compare two unlikely things, that actually have nothing in common. This is done to bring out the dramatic nature of the prose and invoke vivid images and comparisons. It is one of the most common forms of a figure of speech and is used in everything from day-to-day talk to poems.
Let us see some examples of simile. “She is as brave as a lion”. Here you will notice a girl and her bravery are being compared to a lion. this is an unusual and illogical comparison, but it brings out the vivid imagery and lyrical quality in the sentence. The literal sentence would have read “She is brave”, but using the simile makes it sound much better. Other such examples can be
quite like a mouse
as tall as a mountain
as strong as an ox
precious like an angel
2] Metaphor
A metaphor and a simile are quite similar actually. A metaphor also uses compares to things that are in no way similar. It does so to bring out the symbolism. A metaphor is a word or phrase used to show its similarity to another thing. It helps to explain an idea, but if you take a metaphor at its literal meaning it will sound absurd.
An example of a metaphor is “Alex is a chicken”. Literally, this sounds so very absurd. But this is a metaphor which suggests that Alex is a coward, or frightened. It compares or implies that Alex is a chicken to bring out the symbolism. Some other examples are ‘love is a battlefield”, “all the world’s a stage”, “that technology is a dinosaur” etc.
While a simile and metaphor seem to be very similar, there is one basic difference between the two. In a simile, the comparison happens with the help of the words “as” and “like”. A metaphor will not have either of those two words.
3] Personification
Another very interesting figure of speech is personification. In this, we personify or represent a non-human entity as human. We give an inanimate object or an intangible idea of some human qualities such as emotions, or gestures or even speech. this is done to portray the object as alive and help the listener or reader paint a vivid picture. Again, if we take the words at their literal meaning they will sound absurd.
“The wind howled as the storm grew stronger”. Here we have taken an object, the wind, and personified it as a living thing by claiming it howled. Other such examples could be, “time ran away from him”, “the boat danced in the puddle”, “the car died in the middle of the road” etc.
4] Hyperbole
Hyperbole in the Greek language translates to ‘excess’. And that is what it does, it exaggerates. We use hyperboles to emphasize the importance or the overstate something. This exaggerates claims and statements are never meant to be taken at their literal meaning. They are used to create a strong and lasting impression
An example would be “Since he has been away from home he has gotten as thin as a toothpick“. Obviously, he has not gotten as thin as a toothpick, we only exaggerate to emphasize on how thin he has become. Some other examples are, “Those shoes cost a king’s ransom”, “For the millionth time, clean the kitchen”, “his grandfather is older than the hills”.
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Answer:
Metaphor :
A metaphor is a thing that is symbolic of something else, especially abstract.
*Usually creates a comparison without using like or as
Example :
- The English assignment was a breeze.
This implicates that the assignment was very easy
- My mom was boiling mad.
This implicates that she is very mad.
Simile :
A simile compares two things using like or as.
Example :
- Soldiers are as brave as lions.
This use of a simile compares the braveness of a soldier to that of a lion.
Hyperbole :
A hyperbole is extreme exaggeration.
*Not to be confused with similes and metaphors because hyperbole's do not make comparisons, they just create an overstatement that cannot be taken seriously
Example :
- My grandmother is as old as dirt.
Though you may think this is a simile, it is not. This is a hyperbole because it is an exaggeration, and therefore cannot be taken seriously
Irony :
Irony is used to contradict what one says and what one does, or what one says and its literal meaning (sarcasm)
*It's usually used to create suspense
Example :
- The teacher passed back the exams. When Jamie received her exam, she exclaimed, "Oh, great!". At the corner of the page held a big red F.
This is an example of irony because though Jamie exclaims, "Oh, great!", she's contradicting what is her test score actually is, which isn't so great. In other words, she was being sarcastic.
Alliteration :
Alliteration is the repetition of a single letter at the beginning of words in a sentence.
Example :
- P eter P iper p icked a p eck of p ickled p eppers
- S he s ells s eashells by the s eashore
Personification :
Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing – an idea or an animal – is given human attributes.
Example :
- The ocean sang a mesmerizing song.
Explanation :
This example uses personification to provide sensory language for the sound the ocean makes. The ocean cannot literally sing, as a human can. Therefore, the phrase is figurative and the ocean is personified.
Oxymoron :
An oxymoron is a figure of speech, usually one or two words in which seemingly contradictory terms appear side by side.
Example :
- This is another fine mess you have got us into.
- The comedian was seriously funny.
Refrain :
Refrain refers to a repeated portion of a song or poem. This can be a repeated phrase, line, or stanza.
Example :
- "Do not Go Gentle into that Good Night" uses the villanelle form to repeat key refrains about death, old age, and the human spirit.
Apostrophe :
Apostrophe - when a character in a literary work speaks to an object, an idea, or someone who doesn't exist as if it is a living person.
Example :
- Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are.
- The Sun Rising .