Question

Explain the following observations giving appropriate reasons:

a. The stability of +5 oxidation state decreases down the group in Group 15 of

the periodic table.

b. Solid phosphorus pentachloride behaves as an ionic compound.

c. Halogens are strong oxidising agents​

Answer 1

$\huge\bold\red{Answer}$

(ᴀ) ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ +5 ᴏxɪᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ᴅᴇᴄʀᴇᴀsᴇs ᴅᴏᴡɴ ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ ɪɴ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ 15 ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ

ᴘᴇʀɪᴏᴅɪᴄ ᴛᴀʙʟᴇ. ᴛʜᴇ +3 ᴏxɪᴅᴀᴛɪᴏɴ sᴛᴀᴛᴇ ʙᴇᴄᴏᴍᴇs ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴏɴ ᴏɴ ᴍᴏᴠɪɴɢ ᴅᴏᴡɴ

ᴛʜᴇ ɢʀᴏᴜᴘ ғʀᴏᴍ ɴ ᴛᴏ ʙɪ. ᴛʜɪs ɪs ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴏғ ɪɴᴇʀᴛ ᴘᴀɪʀ ᴇғғᴇᴄᴛ.

(ʙ) sᴏʟɪᴅ ᴘᴄʟ5 ʙᴇʜᴀᴠᴇs ᴀs ᴀɴ ɪᴏɴɪᴄ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅ ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ɪᴛ ɪs ᴀ sᴀʟᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴛᴀɪɴɪɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ

ᴛᴇᴛʀᴀʜᴇᴅʀᴀʟ ᴄᴀᴛɪᴏɴ [ᴘᴄʟ4]+ᴀɴᴅ ᴏᴄᴛᴀʜᴇᴅʀᴀʟ ᴀɴɪᴏɴ [ᴘᴄʟ6]–.

(ᴄ) ʜᴀʟᴏɢᴇɴs ᴀʀᴇ sᴛʀᴏɴɢ ᴏxɪᴅɪsɪɴɢ ᴀɢᴇɴᴛs ʙᴇᴄᴀᴜsᴇ ᴛʜᴇʏ ʜᴀᴠᴇ ʜɪɢʜ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴ ᴀғғɪɴɪᴛɪᴇs, sᴏ,

ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴘɪᴄᴋ ᴜᴘ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴs ғʀᴏᴍ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ sᴜʙsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs.

Answer 2

Answer:

a. In group 15, the stability of the +5 oxidation state decreases from P to Bi. Because neutral covalent compounds of the trivalent group 15 elements have a lone pair of electrons on the central atom, they tend to be Lewis bases.

b.Thus we can see there are two ions present, phosphorus tetrachloride which is positively charged and phosphorus hexachloride which is negatively charged. Due to presence of these ions, solid PCl₅ behaves as ionic compound. ... It must be kept under desiccator as on absorbing moisture it forms phosphorus oxychloride.

c. Also, halogens are highly electronegative with low dissociation energies and high negative electron gain enthalpies. Therefore, they have a high tendency to gain an electron. Hence, they act as strong oxidizing agents

Explanation:

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