Question

explain the following phenomenon under the following heads principles law and ray diagram
1.reflection
2.refraction​

Answer 1

Definition:

The law of reflection defines that upon reflection from a smooth surface, the angle of the reflected ray is equal to the angle of the incident ray, with respect to the normal to the surface that is to a line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact.

The reflected ray is always in the plane defined by the incident ray and the normal to the surface at the point of contact of the incident ray.

Refraction is the bending of light (it also happens with sound, water and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another. This bending by refraction makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms and rainbows.

Answer 2

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Reflection:

Reflection is when light bounces off an object. If the surface is smooth and shiny, like glass, water or polished metal, the light will reflect at the same angle as it hit the surface. This is called specular reflection.

The reflection of light from a rough surface in which the incident light rays are reflected from the surface at many different angles is called diffused reflection. Diffuse reflection is when light hits an object and reflects in lots of different directions. This happens when the surface is rough. Most of the things we see are because light from a source has reflected off it.

Refraction:

Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media.

The amount of bending depends on the indices of refraction of the two media and is described quantitatively by Snell's Law.