Explain the following types of reactions by giving examples(organic chemistry) :
1. Combustion
2. Oxidation
3. Reduction
4. Addition
5. Substitution
6. Dehydration
7. Esterfication
8. Decomposition
9. Displacement
10. Combination
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Answer:
(1)Combustion-A combustion reaction is a major class of chemical reactions, commonly referred to as "burning." In the most general sense, combustion involves a reaction between any combustible material and an oxidizer to form an oxidized product.
(2)Oxidation- Oxidation the loss of electrons during a reaction by a molecule, atom or ion. Oxidation occurs when the oxidation state of a molecule, atom or ion is increased. The opposite process is called reduction, which occurs when there is a gain of electrons or the oxidation state of an atom, molecule, or ion decreases.
(3)Reduction-Reduction is a chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction between two chemicals. The term refers to the element that accepts electrons, as the oxidation state of the element that gains electrons is lowered.
(4)Addition-A reaction in which two or more molecules combine to form a bigger molecule is called addition reaction. ... this reaction takes place only in unsaturated compounds where there are double or triple bonds. example: ethane + bromine → 1,2-dibromoethane.
(5)Substitution-A substitution reaction is a type of chemical reaction where an atom or functional group of a molecule is replaced by another atom or functional group. ... Examples: CH3Cl reacted with a hydroxy ion (OH-) will
(6)Dehydration-Dehydration synthesis is the process of joining two molecules, or compounds, together following the removal of water. ... During a condensation reaction, two molecules are condensed and water is lost to form a large molecule. This is the same exact process that occurs during a dehydration synthesis.
(7)Esterfication-Esterification is a chemical reaction that arms at least one ester (= a type of compound produced by reaction between acids and alcohols). Esters are produced when acids are heated with alcohols in a process called esterification. An ester can be made by an esterification reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
(8)Decomposition-A decomposition reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which one reactant wo or more products. The general form for a decomposition reaction is: AB → A + B. Decomposition reactionsare also known as analysis reactions or chemical breakdowns.
(9)Displacement-Displacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound. Both metals and non-metals take part in displacement reactions. Example : Reaction of iron nails with copper sulphate solution.
(10)Cimbination-In this reaction, two reactants become a single product. Combination reaction may occur between two elements, two compounds, or between a compound and an element. The burning of carbon in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide is a combination reaction: C + O2 → CO2.