Question

Explain the formation of Himalaya and it's different types or divdision
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Answer 1

Explanation:

The Himalayas, the abode to the highest peaks on earth, are incredible mountain system of Asia and a great wall between the Plateau of Tibet to the north and the alluvial plains of the Indian subcontinent to the south. It is divided longitudinally into 5 divisions from west to east.

1. The Kashmir /Punjab/ Himachal Himalayas

2. The Kumaun Himalayas

3. The Central/ Nepal Himalayas

4. The Assam/ Eastern Himalayas

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Answer 2

Answer:

FORMATION

• The formation of Himalayas is because of the motion of tectonic plates beneath the surface of Earth. The pressure that was created due to the compression on the plates that pushed the land  from both the sides.
• Because of the impact of convectional currents, the crust was split into many pieces. The Indo–Australian plate got separated from the Gondwanaland and drifted towards the north.
• As it drifted towards the north, it collided with the Eurasian plate. As a result of this collision, the sedimentary rocks which were settled in the large-scale depression in the Earth’s crust called Tethys were folded and formed the Himalayas.
• Thus the Himalayas were formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate

DIVISIONS

The Himalaya consists of three major divisions in its longitudinal extent. A number  of valleys lie between these ranges

HIMADRI:

• The  northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri’.
• It is the  most continuous range consisting of the  loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000  metres.
• It contains all the prominent  Himalayan peaks.
• The folds of Great Himalayas are  asymmetrical in nature.
• The core of this part  of Himalayas is composed of granite.
• It is  perennially snow bound, and a number of  glaciers descend from this range.

HIMACHAL:

• The range lying to the south of the Himadri  forms the most rugged mountain system and  is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya.
• The  ranges are mainly composed of highly  compressed and altered rocks.
• The altitude  varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres and  the average width is of 50 Km.
• While the Pir  Panjal range forms the longest and the most  important range, the Dhaula Dhar and the  Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones.
• This range consists of the famous valley of  Kashmir, the Kangra and Kullu Valley in  Himachal Pradesh.
• This region is well known  for its hill stations.

SHIWALIK:

• The outer most range of the Himalayas is  called the Shiwaliks.
• They extend over a width  of 10-50 Km and have an altitude varying  between 900 and 1100 metres.
• These ranges  are composed of unconsolidated sediments  brought down by rivers from the main  Himalayan ranges located farther north.
• These  valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium.
• The longitudinal valley lying  between lesser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are  known as Duns.
• Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and  Patli Dun are some of the well-known Duns.

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