Question

➠ Explain the formation of Rainbows. ​

Answer 1

After a rain in the fore noon or after noon when the sun

rays are making  angle of 40 to 42 degrees with the horizontal then we

have a possibility of  primary rainbow.

See diagram.

First the Sun rays are refracted in to water drops suspended in

air some hundreds of meters in to the sky.  Then those light rays are

totally internally reflected and then refracted to reach the human eye at a

cone angle of 40 to 42 degrees. Red color is visible on top and violet is on

the bottom. The dispersion of light takes place at the last refracting surface

of water drops.

A secondary rain bow is also formed with violet on top and red below other

colors.

It is fainter than the primary rain bow. It is due to two total internal

reflections before the light emerges out of the water drops.

Answer 2

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It is formed due to dispersion of sunlight through water droplets. Water droplets act as small prism through which sunlight enters it refracts and disperses and then gets reflected internally which creates a rainbow in the sky which is seen to observer's eye

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