Question

Explain the formation of Sodium chloride molecule using electrostatic bond.​

Answer 1

Answer:

An electrostatic bond or ionic bond is one type of chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to the other.

When a metal reacts with a nonmetal, the transfer of electrons take place.

The atom which transfers electrons are metals and the atoms which take electrons from the other atom are non metals.

That is the transfer of electrons take place from the metals to the non metals.

And this is how an ionic bond is formed.

EXAMPLE:-

• Sodium chloride

The formation of a molecule using electrostatic bond can be shown by electron dot structures.

Sodium has = 11 electrons

And chlorine has = 17 electrons

Now, the electronic configuration of sodium = (2, 8, 1)

The electronic configuration of chlorine = (2, 8, 7)

Here, we observe that — sodium has one extra electron, which if it transferrs to another atom, it will get stable. Similarly, chlorine has 7 extra electrons, if it gets one electron, it will get stable.

Now, writing it through dot structures.

Na • ➜ .:Cl::

Hence, Na+Cl- ➜ NaCl

Let's take one more example – Magnesium Chloride

Mg = 12, Cl = 17

(2, 8, 2), (2, 8, 7)

Mg: ➜ .:Cl:: .:Cl::

Here, there are two extra electrons in Magnesium which will be given to two chlorine atoms.

So, Mg(2+)2Cl- ➜ MgCl2