explain the formation of soil with the help of a labelled diagram
Answers
ANSWER
Soil is the thin layer of material covering the earth's surface and is formed from the weathering of rocks. Weathering is a process of physical breakdown and chemical decomposition of rocks and minerals near or at the surface of the earth. This physical and chemical decomposition is primarily done by wind, water, and climate. As a result of these processes, large rock pieces are converted into smaller particles .these small particles mix with humus (organic matter) and form soil.
The basic components of soil are minerals, organic matter, water, and air. The typical soil consists of approximately 45% mineral, 5% organic matter, 20-30% water, and 20-30% air.
. Horizon A or Topsoil
It is also called the humus layer, which is rich in organic material. This layer consists of decomposed material and organic matter. This is the reason, the topsoil has a dark brown color. The hummus makes the topsoil soft, porous to hold enough air and water. In this layer, the seeds germinate and roots of the plants grow. Many living organisms like earthworms, millipedes, and centipedes, bacteria, and fungi are found in this layer of soil.
What are the different Properties of Soil?
2. Horizon B or Subsoil
Just below the topsoil lies another layer called subsoil or horizon-B. It is comparatively harder and compact than topsoil. It is lighter in color than the topsoil because there is less humus in this layer. This layer is less organic but is rich in minerals brought down from the topsoil. It contains metal salts, especially iron oxide in a large proportion. Farmers often mix horizon-A and horizon-B when ploughing their fields.
What is Soil Erosion?
3. Bedrock or Horizon C
Bedrock is also known as parent rock and lies just below the subsoil. It contains no organic matter and made up of stones and rocks, so it is very hard. This layer represents a transition zone between the earth’s bedrock and horizon A and B.
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Answer:
The process of soil genesis as it is influenced by site, environment, and history is referred to as pedogenesis, also known as soil creation.
Explanation:
The process of soil genesis as it is influenced by site, environment, and history is referred to as pedogenesis, also known as soil creation. Anisotropy in soils is a property that is both created and destroyed by biogeochemical processes. As a result of these changes, soil horizons—layers that may be identified by differences in colour, structure, texture, and chemistry—are formed. These characteristics appear in distribution patterns of soil types and develop in response to variations in soil producing factors. [1]
As a subfield of pedology, the study of soil in its natural setting, pedogenesis is investigated. Pedology also includes the study of soil morphology and soil classification. Grasp soil distribution patterns in both recent (paleopedology) and earlier geologic periods (soil geography) requires a thorough understanding of pedogenesis.
FINAL ANSWER - The process of soil genesis as it is influenced by site, environment, and history is referred to as pedogenesis, also known as soil creation.
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